Abstract
The endophytic fungi Serendipita indica and S. vermifera have recently gained increasing attention due to their beneficial effects on plant growth and plant health. Little is known about other species, such as S. williamsii and S. herbamans. To test their biocontrol and growth-promoting potential, susceptible and tolerant tomato cultivars (Kremser Perle and Micro-Tom, respectively) were inoculated with S. williamsii, S. herbamans, S. indica, or S. vermifera and challenged with the soilborne pathogen Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici (Fol) in greenhouse experiments. Furthermore, in vitro assays on the direct inhibitory effects of Serendipita spp. against Fol were performed. Negative effects of Fol on phenological growth in the susceptible cultivar were alleviated by all four applied Serendipita spp. Apart from these similar effects on biometric parameters, disease incidence was only reduced by S. herbamans and S. vermifera. In the tolerant cultivar, disease parameters remained unaffected although shoot dry mass was negatively affected by S. vermifera. Direct effects of Serendipita spp. against Fol were not evident in the in vitro assays indicating an indirect effect via the host plant. Our results highlight the importance of identifying cultivar-specific effects in pathogen–endophyte–plant interactions to determine the most beneficial combinations.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Serendipita spp. alleviated the negative effects of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici on phenological growth of the susceptible tomato cultivar.
- Taxon
- tomato
Solanum lycopersicume1 - Material
- Kremser Perlee1
- Treatment
- Serendipita spp.e3
- Interactor
- Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici
Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersicie2pathogen - Second interactor
- Serendipita spp.
Serendipitae3biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- phenological growthe3
- Direction
- alleviatede3
- Setting
- greenhouse experimentse2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“tomato cultivars (Kremser Perle and Micro-Tom, respectively)”
e2“challenged with the soilborne pathogen Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici (Fol) in greenhouse experiments”
e3“Negative effects of Fol on phenological growth in the susceptible cultivar were alleviated by all four applied Serendipita spp.”
Claim · model-written summary
S. herbamans reduced disease incidence in tomato, and only S. herbamans and S. vermifera did so.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume1
- Treatment
- S. herbamanse4
- Interactor
- Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersiciFusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersicie2pathogen
- Second interactor
- S. herbamansSerendipita herbamanse4biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- disease incidencee4
- Direction
- reducede4
- Qualifier
- onlye4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“tomato cultivars (Kremser Perle and Micro-Tom, respectively)”
e2“challenged with the soilborne pathogen Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici (Fol) in greenhouse experiments”
e4“disease incidence was only reduced by S. herbamans and S. vermifera”
Claim · model-written summary
S. vermifera reduced disease incidence in tomato, and only S. herbamans and S. vermifera did so.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume1
- Treatment
- S. vermiferae4
- Interactor
- Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersiciFusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersicie2pathogen
- Second interactor
- S. vermiferaSerendipita vermiferae4biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- disease incidencee4
- Direction
- reducede4
- Qualifier
- onlye4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“tomato cultivars (Kremser Perle and Micro-Tom, respectively)”
e2“challenged with the soilborne pathogen Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici (Fol) in greenhouse experiments”
e4“disease incidence was only reduced by S. herbamans and S. vermifera”
Claim · model-written summary
In the tolerant Micro-Tom cultivar, disease parameters remained unaffected.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume1
- Material
- Micro-Tome1
- Interactor
- Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersiciFusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersicie2pathogen
- Outcome
- disease parameterse5
- Direction
- unaffectede5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“tomato cultivars (Kremser Perle and Micro-Tom, respectively)”
e2“challenged with the soilborne pathogen Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici (Fol) in greenhouse experiments”
e5“In the tolerant cultivar, disease parameters remained unaffected”
Claim · model-written summary
In the tolerant cultivar, S. vermifera negatively affected shoot dry mass of tomato.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume1
- Material
- Micro-Tome1
- Treatment
- S. vermiferae6
- Interactor
- S. vermiferaSerendipita vermiferae6symbiont
- Outcome
- shoot dry masse6
- Direction
- negatively affectede6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“tomato cultivars (Kremser Perle and Micro-Tom, respectively)”
e6“although shoot dry mass was negatively affected by S. vermifera”
Claim · model-written summary
Serendipita spp. showed no direct inhibitory effect on Fol in in vitro assays.
- Taxon
- Serendipita spp.
- Treatment
- Serendipita spp.e7
- Interactor
- Fole7pathogen
- Second interactor
- Serendipita spp.
- Outcome
- Direct effects of Serendipita spp. against Fole7
- Setting
- in vitro assayse7
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e7“Direct effects of Serendipita spp. against Fol were not evident in the in vitro assays”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors interpret the Serendipita effect on Fol as indirect, acting via the host plant.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume1
- Outcome
- indirect effecte7
- Qualifier
- via the host plante7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“tomato cultivars (Kremser Perle and Micro-Tom, respectively)”
e7“indicating an indirect effect via the host plant”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend identifying cultivar-specific effects in pathogen-endophyte-plant interactions to find the most beneficial combinations in tomato.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume1
- Outcome
- identifying cultivar-specific effectse7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“tomato cultivars (Kremser Perle and Micro-Tom, respectively)”
e7“Our results highlight the importance of identifying cultivar-specific effects in pathogen–endophyte–plant interactions to determine the most beneficial combinations”
The same questions in other papers
Serendipita vermifera · growth · Solanum lycopersicum (tomato)Positive and negative results
1 in the opposite direction
- positive
Serendipita herbamans · Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici · Solanum lycopersicum (tomato)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.