Abstract
organic matter digestibility (IVOMD) and metabolizable energy (ME) content. Grain yield (GY) and straw yield (SY) were also recorded. Highly significant (P < 0.0001) differences among lines were observed for all traits except for ADF and ADL in the three years trials conducted at Varanasi. However, year and location had strong (P < 0.0001) effects on all traits. Compared to line-dependent variations in GY and SY variation in straw fodder quality traits were small. Proportionally greatest variations between lines were observed for straw N where lowest and highest N varied by about 30%. Difference for NDF and ADF between lines were at most 4% units and below 3% units for IVOMD. Grain yield and straw yield were positively correlated (P < 0.0001) with GY accounting for 26% of the variation in SY. Straw N, IVOMD and ME were weakly but significantly (P < 0.05) negatively associated with GY and SY. Straw NDF and ADF were significantly (P < 0.05) positively correlated with GY but the association was again weak. Straw NDF, ADF and ADL were also weakly but significantly positively correlated with SY. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) were applied to detect significant marker- straw fodder quality trait associations. Five genomic regions contributed for six traits (ADF, ADL, ASH, IVOMD, ME and NDF). ADF and ADL mapped in the common QTL region on chromosome 2B. Similarly, for the IVOMD and ME QTLs on chromosome 5B were associated with SNP marker, wsnp_Ku_c35090_44349517. While some associations were detected for ADF, ALD, ASH, IVOMD, ME and NDF on chromosomes 1A, 2B, 3A, 5A and 5B, the phenotypic variation explained was low to medium by individual QTL. A likely contributing factor was the comparatively small difference in straw fodder quality traits among the lines. It is interesting to note that line dependent variations in GY and SY were about two-fold. In other words, strong genotypic variations of GY and SY do exist. The lack of any similar variations in straw fodder quality traits is intriguing and requires further research.
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Claims 18
Claim · model-written summary
Lines differed significantly for all measured traits except ADF and ADL.
- Taxon
- spring wheat
Triticum aestivumt0 - Outcome
- differences among linese0
- Qualifier
- except for ADF and ADLe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Highly significant (P < 0.0001) differences among lines were observed for all traits except for ADF and ADL”
t0“spring wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Year and location strongly affected all traits.
- Taxon
- spring wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- all traitse0
- Setting
- locatione0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“year and location had strong (P < 0.0001) effects on all traits”
t0“spring wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Straw quality varied little among lines relative to grain and straw yield.
- Taxon
- spring wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- variation in straw fodder quality traitse0
- Direction
- smalle0
- Comparator
- line-dependent variations in GY and SYe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Compared to line-dependent variations in GY and SY variation in straw fodder quality traits were small.”
t0“spring wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Straw nitrogen differed by about 30% between extreme lines.
- Taxon
- spring wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- Ne0
- Direction
- variede0
- Value
- about 30%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“lowest and highest N varied by about 30%”
t0“spring wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
NDF differed by at most four percentage units between lines.
- Taxon
- spring wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- NDFe0
- Direction
- Differencee0
- Value
- at most 4% unitse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Difference for NDF and ADF between lines were at most 4% units”
t0“spring wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
ADF differed by at most four percentage units between lines.
- Taxon
- spring wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- ADFe0
- Direction
- Differencee0
- Value
- at most 4% unitse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Difference for NDF and ADF between lines were at most 4% units”
t0“spring wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
IVOMD differed by less than three percentage units between lines.
- Taxon
- spring wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- IVOMDe0
- Value
- below 3% unitse0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“below 3% units for IVOMD”
t0“spring wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Grain and straw yields were positively correlated; grain yield explained 26% of straw-yield variation.
- Taxon
- spring wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- straw yielde0
- Direction
- positively correlatede0
- Value
- 26%e0
- Comparator
- Grain yielde0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Grain yield and straw yield were positively correlated (P < 0.0001) with GY accounting for 26% of the variation in SY.”
t0“spring wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Straw nitrogen was weakly negatively associated with grain and straw yields.
- Taxon
- spring wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- Straw Ne0
- Direction
- negatively associatede0
- Comparator
- GY and SYe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Straw N, IVOMD and ME were weakly but significantly (P < 0.05) negatively associated with GY and SY.”
t0“spring wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
IVOMD was weakly negatively associated with grain and straw yields.
- Taxon
- spring wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- IVOMDe0
- Direction
- negatively associatede0
- Comparator
- GY and SYe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Straw N, IVOMD and ME were weakly but significantly (P < 0.05) negatively associated with GY and SY.”
t0“spring wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
ME was weakly negatively associated with grain and straw yields.
- Taxon
- spring wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- MEe0
- Direction
- negatively associatede0
- Comparator
- GY and SYe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Straw N, IVOMD and ME were weakly but significantly (P < 0.05) negatively associated with GY and SY.”
t0“spring wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Straw NDF and ADF were weakly positively associated with grain yield.
- Taxon
- spring wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- Straw NDF and ADFe0
- Direction
- positively correlatede0
- Comparator
- GYe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Straw NDF and ADF were significantly (P < 0.05) positively correlated with GY but the association was again weak.”
t0“spring wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Straw NDF, ADF and ADL were weakly positively correlated with straw yield.
- Taxon
- spring wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- Straw NDF, ADF and ADLe0
- Direction
- positively correlatede0
- Comparator
- SYe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Straw NDF, ADF and ADL were also weakly but significantly positively correlated with SY.”
t0“spring wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Five genomic regions contributed to six straw quality traits.
- Taxon
- spring wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- genomic regionse0
- Value
- Fivee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Five genomic regions contributed for six traits (ADF, ADL, ASH, IVOMD, ME and NDF).”
t0“spring wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
ADF and ADL mapped to a shared QTL region on chromosome 2B.
- Taxon
- spring wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- mapped in the common QTL region on chromosome 2Be0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“ADF and ADL mapped in the common QTL region on chromosome 2B.”
t0“spring wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
IVOMD and ME QTLs on chromosome 5B associated with SNP marker wsnp_Ku_c35090_44349517.
- Taxon
- spring wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Gene
- wsnp_Ku_c35090_44349517e0
- Outcome
- IVOMD and ME QTLs on chromosome 5Be0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the IVOMD and ME QTLs on chromosome 5B were associated with SNP marker, wsnp_Ku_c35090_44349517.”
t0“spring wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Individual QTL explained low to medium phenotypic variation.
- Taxon
- spring wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- phenotypic variation explainede0
- Direction
- low to mediume0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the phenotypic variation explained was low to medium by individual QTL”
t0“spring wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Grain and straw yields varied about two-fold among lines.
- Taxon
- spring wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- GY and SYe0
- Direction
- variationse0
- Value
- about two-folde0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“line dependent variations in GY and SY were about two-fold”
t0“spring wheat”