Abstract
Soil temperature and humidity are the chief determinants for good nodule formation at the time of sowing and emergence. The aim of this study was to estimate the soil temperature and humidity range, at which the Bradyrhizobium spp., and Azospirillum brasilense may have the highest effect on root enhancement and development of nodulation in soybean. Two experiments were conducted, the first of which was done in the seed laboratory performing the treatments listed as non-inoculated; inoculation with Bradyrhizobium; root enhancers; inoculation with Bradyrhizobium + root enhancers; co-inoculation with Bradyrhizobium + Azospirillum brasilense; co-inoculation with Bradyrhizobium + Azospirillum brasilense + root enhancers, and assessed at temperatures of 15, 20, 25, 30 and 35ºC. The experimental design was completely randomized with distribution in a factorial. The second experiment was executed in a greenhouse, employing the same treatments affected in the seed laboratory experiment, but with the addition of non-inoculated control with mineral nitrogen. Tests were done at the soil moisture levels of 25, 50, 75 and 100% water retention capacity, forming a factorial 7 x 4 (only second experiment). All co-inoculated treatments induced the soybean root system to improve, in terms of length, volume, surface area and root diameter, exhibiting superiority to the uninoculated control in the 20 to 30ºC temperature range. The co-inoculation raised nodulation in the soybean crop, when soil water retention capacity was at the range of 56 - 96%, achieving higher means compared to the standard inoculation. The root planter added no improvement to either the root system or nodulation in soybean.
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Claims 4
Claim · model-written summary
Coinoculation improved soybean root length, volume, surface area and diameter relative to uninoculated control at 20 to 30ºC.
- Taxon
- soybean
Glycine maxe0 - Treatment
- co-inoculated treatmentse0
- Outcome
- length, volume, surface area and root diametere0
- Direction
- improvee0
- Qualifier
- 20 to 30ºCe0
- Comparator
- uninoculated controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“All co-inoculated treatments induced the soybean root system to improve, in terms of length, volume, surface area and root diameter, exhibiting superiority to the uninoculated control in the 20 to 30ºC temperature range”
Claim · model-written summary
Coinoculation increased soybean nodulation at 56 - 96% soil water retention compared with standard inoculation.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- co-inoculatione0
- Outcome
- nodulatione0
- Direction
- raisede0
- Qualifier
- 56 - 96%e0
- Comparator
- standard inoculatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The co-inoculation raised nodulation in the soybean crop, when soil water retention capacity was at the range of 56 - 96%, achieving higher means compared to the standard inoculation”
Claim · model-written summary
The root planter did not improve soybean root system.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- root plantere0
- Outcome
- root systeme0
- Direction
- no improvemente0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The root planter added no improvement to either the root system or nodulation in soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
The root planter did not improve soybean nodulation.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- root plantere0
- Outcome
- nodulatione0
- Direction
- no improvemente0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The root planter added no improvement to either the root system or nodulation in soybean”
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