Abstract
Due to difficulty in monitoring insect pests, applications of insecticides are frequently conducted on a calendar schedule. However, seasonal variability in pest populations leads to these calendar schedules sometimes being inaccurate. Threshold-based insect management strategies, including use of thresholds with conventional pesticides and with use of organic pesticides only, were compared with a conventional calendar approach for yield, management cost, and production value of tomato ( Solanum lycopersicum ). Effect of cultivar was considered by inclusion of the long season cultivar Celebrity and the short season cultivar Early Girl Bush. These factors were compared for spring and fall seasons during two production years. Greatest total and marketable yields were obtained from use of conventional pesticides according to action thresholds. Use of organic insecticides according to thresholds did not affect yields in comparison with a calendar-based approach. Proportion of fruit rated unmarketable was greater with use of organic insecticides due to reduced efficacy and residual of control. Production costs for the organic threshold-based approach were greater due to increased number of insecticide applications required. Gross margin for both conventional and organic threshold-based insect pest management was greater than for the conventional calendar method. Increased economic return for conventional threshold-based management was due to increased yields. Increase in return for organic threshold management was based on premiums received for organically grown tomatoes. Adoption of conventional threshold-based insect pest management by small-scale producers has the potential to increase production efficiency and value, as well as increase environmental sustainability of production. Economic feasibility of organic production requires access to markets willing to pay significant premiums for organic produce. Further research to evaluate economic and yield impacts of production practices for small-scale farms is needed.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Conventional pesticides applied by action thresholds gave the greatest total and marketable tomato yields.
- Taxon
- tomato
Solanum lycopersicume1 - Treatment
- conventional pesticides according to action thresholdse2
- Outcome
- total and marketable yieldse2
- Direction
- Greateste2
- Comparator
- conventional calendar approache1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“were compared with a conventional calendar approach for yield, management cost, and production value of tomato ( Solanum lycopersicum )”
e2“Greatest total and marketable yields were obtained from use of conventional pesticides according to action thresholds”
Claim · model-written summary
Organic insecticides applied by thresholds did not affect tomato yields compared with a calendar-based approach.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume1
- Treatment
- organic insecticides according to thresholdse3
- Outcome
- yieldse3
- Direction
- did not affecte3
- Comparator
- calendar-based approache3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“were compared with a conventional calendar approach for yield, management cost, and production value of tomato ( Solanum lycopersicum )”
e3“Use of organic insecticides according to thresholds did not affect yields in comparison with a calendar-based approach”
Claim · model-written summary
Organic insecticides increased the proportion of tomato fruit rated unmarketable, owing to reduced efficacy and residual control.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume1
- Organ / stage
- fruite4
- Treatment
- organic insecticidese4
- Outcome
- Proportion of fruit rated unmarketablee4
- Direction
- greatere4
- Qualifier
- reduced efficacy and residual of controle4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“were compared with a conventional calendar approach for yield, management cost, and production value of tomato ( Solanum lycopersicum )”
e4“Proportion of fruit rated unmarketable was greater with use of organic insecticides due to reduced efficacy and residual of control”
Claim · model-written summary
Production costs were greater for the organic threshold-based approach in tomato, owing to more insecticide applications.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume1
- Treatment
- organic threshold-based approache5
- Outcome
- Production costse5
- Direction
- greatere5
- Qualifier
- increased number of insecticide applications requirede5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“were compared with a conventional calendar approach for yield, management cost, and production value of tomato ( Solanum lycopersicum )”
e5“Production costs for the organic threshold-based approach were greater due to increased number of insecticide applications required”
Claim · model-written summary
Conventional threshold-based insect pest management gave a greater gross margin in tomato than the conventional calendar method.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume1
- Treatment
- conventional threshold-based insect pest managemente7
- Outcome
- Gross margine6
- Direction
- greatere6
- Comparator
- conventional calendar methode6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“were compared with a conventional calendar approach for yield, management cost, and production value of tomato ( Solanum lycopersicum )”
e6“Gross margin for both conventional and organic threshold-based insect pest management was greater than for the conventional calendar method”
e7“Adoption of conventional threshold-based insect pest management by small-scale producers”
Claim · model-written summary
Organic threshold-based insect pest management gave a greater gross margin in tomato than the conventional calendar method.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume1
- Treatment
- organic threshold-based insect pest managemente6
- Outcome
- Gross margine6
- Direction
- greatere6
- Comparator
- conventional calendar methode6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“were compared with a conventional calendar approach for yield, management cost, and production value of tomato ( Solanum lycopersicum )”
e6“Gross margin for both conventional and organic threshold-based insect pest management was greater than for the conventional calendar method”
Claim · model-written summary
Conventional threshold-based management increased economic return in tomato, owing to increased yields.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume1
- Treatment
- conventional threshold-based managemente2
- Outcome
- economic returne2
- Direction
- Increasede2
- Qualifier
- due to increased yieldse2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“were compared with a conventional calendar approach for yield, management cost, and production value of tomato ( Solanum lycopersicum )”
e2“Increased economic return for conventional threshold-based management was due to increased yields”
Claim · model-written summary
Organic threshold management increased return for organically grown tomatoes, based on premiums received.
- Taxon
- tomatoesSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- organic threshold managemente0
- Outcome
- returne0
- Direction
- Increasee0
- Qualifier
- based on premiums received for organically grown tomatoese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Increase in return for organic threshold management was based on premiums received for organically grown tomatoes”
Claim · model-written summary
Adopting conventional threshold-based insect pest management has the potential to increase tomato production efficiency and value, as well as environmental sustainability.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume1
- Treatment
- conventional threshold-based insect pest managemente7
- Outcome
- production efficiency and value, as well as increase environmental sustainability of productione7
- Direction
- increasee7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“were compared with a conventional calendar approach for yield, management cost, and production value of tomato ( Solanum lycopersicum )”
e7“Adoption of conventional threshold-based insect pest management by small-scale producers has the potential to increase production efficiency and value, as well as increase environmental sustainability of production”
Claim · model-written summary
Economic feasibility of organic tomato production requires access to markets willing to pay significant premiums.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume1
- Outcome
- Economic feasibility of organic productione2
- Qualifier
- requires access to markets willing to pay significant premiums for organic producee2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“were compared with a conventional calendar approach for yield, management cost, and production value of tomato ( Solanum lycopersicum )”
e2“Economic feasibility of organic production requires access to markets willing to pay significant premiums for organic produce”
The same questions in other papers
insecticide · yield · Solanum lycopersicum (tomato)Results differ
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3 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- positive
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See all 5 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.