Abstract
Soybean crop is capable of establishing symbiosis with both Rhizobium bacteria and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) to form tripartite symbiosis. Symbiosis with Rhizobium bacteria enables a host plant to perform biological nitrogen fixation, while symbiosis with AMF enables host plants to increase nutrient uptake and water absorption so that they can be more tolerant to drought in dry seasons. This study aimed to examine the effect of application of Rhizobium and AMF bio-fertilizers on growth and yield of two soybean varieties under two treatments of plant spacing in vertisol ricefield during the dry season 2009 following rice crop without tillage. The experiment was arranged in a Randomized Block Design, with three blocks (replications) and three treatment factors, namely soybean varieties (V1= Anjasmoro; V2= Wilis), plant spacing (30x20 and 25x25 cm), and types of fertilizers (F1= without fertilizer; F2= Rhizobium application; F3= NPK only; F5= Rhizobium + AMF). Results indicated that application of both bio-fertilizers (Rhizobium and AMF) significantly increased soybean yield components, including grain yield, weight of 100 grains, grain number and total biomass per clump, compared with fertilization only with NPK or no fertilizers. There was no significant effect of plant spacing, but both varieties showed differences in plant height, grain yield, harvest index, and weight of 100 grains. However, there were interaction effects especially between variety and fertilization on plant dry weight, grain number and grain yield per clump, in which the highest grain yield was on soybean bio-fertilized with both Rhizobium and AMF, both in V1 and V2, but the average was higher in V1 (25.58 g/clump) than in V2 (15.03 g/clump). V1 was more responsive to dual application of the bio-fertilizers than V2.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Combined Rhizobium and AMF increased soybean grain yield over NPK or no fertilizer.
- Taxon
- soybean
Glycine maxe0 - Treatment
- both bio-fertilizers (Rhizobium and AMF)e0
- Second interactor
- AMFe0symbiont
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- fertilization only with NPK or no fertilizerse0
RhizobiumOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“application of both bio-fertilizers (Rhizobium and AMF) significantly increased soybean yield components, including grain yield, weight of 100 grains, grain number and total biomass per clump, compared with fertilization only with NPK or no fertilizers”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined Rhizobium and AMF increased 100 grain weight, grain number and biomass per clump.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- both bio-fertilizers (Rhizobium and AMF)e0
- Outcome
- weight of 100 grains, grain number and total biomass per clumpe0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- fertilization only with NPK or no fertilizerse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“application of both bio-fertilizers (Rhizobium and AMF) significantly increased soybean yield components, including grain yield, weight of 100 grains, grain number and total biomass per clump, compared with fertilization only with NPK or no fertilizers”
Claim · model-written summary
Plant spacing had no significant effect.
Not reportedTaxonComparatorDirection
Verbatim
e0“There was no significant effect of plant spacing”
Claim · model-written summary
The two varieties differed in height, grain yield and harvest index.
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“both varieties showed differences in plant height, grain yield, harvest index, and weight of 100 grains”
Claim · model-written summary
The two varieties differed in 100 grain weight.
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“both varieties showed differences in plant height, grain yield, harvest index, and weight of 100 grains”
Claim · model-written summary
Variety and fertilization interacted for plant dry weight, grain number and yield per clump.
- Material
- varietye0
- Treatment
- fertilizatione0
- Outcome
- plant dry weight, grain number and grain yield per clumpe0
Not reportedTaxonDirection
Verbatim
e0“interaction effects especially between variety and fertilization on plant dry weight, grain number and grain yield per clump”
Claim · model-written summary
With dual inoculation, Anjasmoro yielded 25.58 g per clump, higher than Wilis at 15.03 g per clump.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Material
- V1e0
- Treatment
- bio-fertilized with both Rhizobium and AMFe0
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 25.58 g/clumpe0
- Qualifier
- 15.03 g/clumpe0
- Comparator
- V2e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the highest grain yield was on soybean bio-fertilized with both Rhizobium and AMF, both in V1 and V2, but the average was higher in V1 (25.58 g/clump) than in V2 (15.03 g/clump)”
Claim · model-written summary
Anjasmoro was more responsive to dual biofertilizer application than Wilis.
- Material
- V1e0
- Outcome
- responsive to dual application of the bio-fertilizerse0
- Direction
- moree0
- Comparator
- V2e0
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“V1 was more responsive to dual application of the bio-fertilizers than V2.”
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