Abstract
Abstract Burmareed [ Neyraudia reynaudiana (Kunth) Keng ex Hitchc.] is an aggressive invader of pine rockland communities in south Florida. Currently, it is managed by clipping the stems and later returning, when plants have regrown to approximately 50 cm in height, to administer applications of glyphosate to new foliar growth (a “cut–return–treat,” or CRT, strategy). This multi-visit strategy is time-consuming and may result in off-target effects due to the broad-spectrum nature of glyphosate. With this study we evaluated a cut-stem (CS) approach, in which stems are cut and immediately treated with herbicide. Further, we tested the efficacy of the selective graminicides sethoxydim and fluazifop- P -butyl. In a pot study, CS treatments included: glyphosate (239.7 g ae L −1 ) in water, sethoxydim (9.0 g ai L −1 ) or fluazifop- P -butyl (12.1 g ai L −1 ) in either basal oil or water, and triclopyr (47.9 g ae L −1 ) in basal oil. All CS treatments provided mortality and growth reduction comparable to the best CRT treatments (glyphosate, sethoxydim, and fluazifop- P -butyl) and were therefore evaluated under field conditions using the same application rates. Mortality was low in the field (≤30%) regardless of herbicide treatment. Overall, fluazifop- P -butyl provided greater control than sethoxydim, resulting in 71% and 94% relative growth reduction in total shoot length with oil and water carriers, respectively, compared with 50% and 43% reduction for sethoxydim. Fluazifop also provided control similar to triclopyr and glyphosate (≥65% reduction in total shoot length). Results suggest that CS treatments may be a viable strategy for managing N. reynaudiana and reducing management costs. However, more research is needed to optimize rates. Further, fluazifop- P -butyl allows for a more selective option than glyphosate that may decrease off-target effects on native understory vegetation in pine rocklands.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
All cut-stem treatments produced mortality and growth reduction comparable to the best cut-return-treat treatments in pots.
Verbatim
e0“All CS treatments provided mortality and growth reduction comparable to the best CRT treatments (glyphosate, sethoxydim, and fluazifop- P -butyl)”
t0“Burmareed”
Claim · model-written summary
Field mortality was no more than 30% across herbicide treatments.
Verbatim
e0“Mortality was low in the field (≤30%) regardless of herbicide treatment.”
t0“Burmareed”
Claim · model-written summary
Fluazifop-P-butyl with oil reduced shoot length by 71%.
Verbatim
e0“fluazifop- P -butyl provided greater control than sethoxydim, resulting in 71% and 94% relative growth reduction in total shoot length with oil and water carriers, respectively”
t0“Burmareed”
Claim · model-written summary
Fluazifop-P-butyl with water reduced shoot length by 94%.
Verbatim
e0“fluazifop- P -butyl provided greater control than sethoxydim, resulting in 71% and 94% relative growth reduction in total shoot length with oil and water carriers, respectively”
t0“Burmareed”
Claim · model-written summary
Sethoxydim with oil reduced shoot length by 50%.
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“compared with 50% and 43% reduction for sethoxydim”
e7“relative growth reduction in total shoot length with oil and water carriers”
t0“Burmareed”
Claim · model-written summary
Sethoxydim with water reduced shoot length by 43%.
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“compared with 50% and 43% reduction for sethoxydim”
e7“relative growth reduction in total shoot length with oil and water carriers”
t0“Burmareed”
Claim · model-written summary
Fluazifop control was similar to triclopyr and glyphosate, with at least 65% shoot length reduction.
Verbatim
e0“Fluazifop also provided control similar to triclopyr and glyphosate (≥65% reduction in total shoot length).”
t0“Burmareed”
Claim · model-written summary
Authors proposed cut-stem treatment as a viable burmareed strategy that could reduce costs.
- Taxon
- N. reynaudiana
Neyraudia reynaudianae0 - Outcome
- viable strategy for managing N. reynaudiana and reducing management costse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Results suggest that CS treatments may be a viable strategy for managing N. reynaudiana and reducing management costs.”
Claim · model-written summary
Authors called for research to optimize cut-stem rates.
Verbatim
e0“more research is needed to optimize rates.”
t0“Burmareed”
Claim · model-written summary
Authors proposed fluazifop as a selective option that may reduce effects on native vegetation.
Verbatim
e0“fluazifop- P -butyl allows for a more selective option than glyphosate that may decrease off-target effects on native understory vegetation in pine rocklands.”
t0“Burmareed”