Abstract
Background Most species of the Russulaceae are ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungi, which are widely distributed in different types of forest ecology and drive important ecological and economic functions. Little is known about the composition variation of the Russulaceae fungal community aboveground and in the root and soil during the growing season (June–October) from a Quercus mongolica forest. In this study, we investigated the changes in the composition of the Russulaceae during the growing season of this type of forest in Wudalianchi City, China. Methods To achieve this, the Sanger sequencing method was used to identify the Russulaceae aboveground, and the high-throughput sequencing method was used to analyze the species composition of the Russulaceae in the root and soil. Moreover, we used the Pearson correlation analysis, the redundancy analysis and the multivariate linear regression analysis to analyze which factors significantly affected the composition and distribution of the Russulaceae fungal community. Results A total of 56 species of Russulaceae were detected in the Q. mongolica forest, which included 48 species of Russula , seven species of Lactarius , and one species of Lactifluus . Russula was the dominant group. During the growing season, the sporocarps of Russula appeared earlier than those of Lactarius . The number of species aboveground exhibited a decrease after the increase and were significantly affected by the average monthly air temperature ( r = −0.822, p = 0.045), average monthly relative humidity ( r = −0.826, p = 0.043), monthly rainfall ( r = 0.850, p = 0.032), soil moisture ( r = 0.841, p = 0.036) and soil organic matter ( r = 0.911, p = 0.012). In the roots and soils under the Q. mongolica forest, the number of species did not show an apparent trend. The number of species from the roots was the largest in September and the lowest in August, while those from the soils were the largest in October and the lowest in June. Both were significantly affected by the average monthly air temperature ( r 2 = 0.6083, p = 0.040) and monthly rainfall ( r 2 = 0.6354, p = 0.039). Moreover, the relative abundance of Russula and Lactarius in the roots and soils showed a linear correlation with the relative abundance of the other fungal genera.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
The Quercus forest contained 56 Russulaceae species.
- Taxon
- Q. mongolica
_in_December_2009.jpg?width=60)
Quercus mongolicae0 - Interactor
- RussulaceaeRussulaceaee0symbiont
- Outcome
- species of Russulaceaee0
- Value
- 56 speciese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_in_December_2009.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“A total of 56 species of Russulaceae were detected in the Q. mongolica forest, which included 48 species of Russula , seven species of Lactarius , and one species of Lactifluus .”
t0“The community composition variation of Russulaceae associated with the Quercus mongolica forest during the growing season at Wudalianchi City, China”
Claim · model-written summary
Russula was the dominant Russulaceae group.
- Taxon
- Quercus mongolicaQuercus mongolicat0
- Outcome
- dominant groupe0
RussulaOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Russula was the dominant group.”
t0“The community composition variation of Russulaceae associated with the Quercus mongolica forest during the growing season at Wudalianchi City, China”
Claim · model-written summary
Russula sporocarps appeared earlier than Lactarius sporocarps.
- Taxon
- Quercus mongolicaQuercus mongolicat0
- Second interactor
- Lactariuse0symbiont
- Outcome
- sporocarps of Russulae0
- Direction
- earliere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the sporocarps of Russula appeared earlier than those of Lactarius .”
t0“The community composition variation of Russulaceae associated with the Quercus mongolica forest during the growing season at Wudalianchi City, China”
Claim · model-written summary
Aboveground Russulaceae species count rose and then declined over the growing season.
- Taxon
- Quercus mongolicaQuercus mongolicat0
- Interactor
- RussulaceaeRussulaceaet0symbionte0
- Outcome
- number of species abovegrounde0
- Direction
- a decrease after the increasee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The number of species aboveground exhibited a decrease after the increase”
t0“The community composition variation of Russulaceae associated with the Quercus mongolica forest during the growing season at Wudalianchi City, China”
Claim · model-written summary
Aboveground species count was significantly associated with average monthly air temperature.
- Taxon
- Quercus mongolicaQuercus mongolicat0
- Interactor
- RussulaceaeRussulaceaet0symbionte0
- Outcome
- number of species abovegrounde1
- Qualifier
- average monthly air temperaturee0
Not reportedSettingDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“were significantly affected by the average monthly air temperature ( r = −0.822, p = 0.045)”
t0“The community composition variation of Russulaceae associated with the Quercus mongolica forest during the growing season at Wudalianchi City, China”
e1“The number of species aboveground exhibited a decrease after the increase”
Claim · model-written summary
Root Russulaceae species counts peaked in September and were lowest in August.
- Taxon
- Quercus mongolicaQuercus mongolicat0
- Organ / stage
- rootse0
- Interactor
- RussulaceaeRussulaceaet0symbionte0
- Outcome
- number of species from the rootse0
- Direction
- largeste0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The number of species from the roots was the largest in September and the lowest in August”
t0“The community composition variation of Russulaceae associated with the Quercus mongolica forest during the growing season at Wudalianchi City, China”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil Russulaceae species counts peaked in October and were lowest in June.
- Taxon
- Quercus mongolicaQuercus mongolicat0
- Interactor
- RussulaceaeRussulaceaet0symbionte0
- Outcome
- those from the soilse0
- Direction
- largeste0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“those from the soils were the largest in October and the lowest in June”
t0“The community composition variation of Russulaceae associated with the Quercus mongolica forest during the growing season at Wudalianchi City, China”
Claim · model-written summary
Root and soil Russulaceae species counts showed no apparent overall seasonal trend.
- Taxon
- Q. mongolicaQuercus mongolicae0
- Interactor
- RussulaceaeRussulaceaet0symbionte0
- Outcome
- number of speciese0
- Direction
- did not show an apparent trende0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In the roots and soils under the Q. mongolica forest, the number of species did not show an apparent trend.”
t0“The community composition variation of Russulaceae associated with the Quercus mongolica forest during the growing season at Wudalianchi City, China”
Claim · model-written summary
Root and soil fungal relative abundance correlated with that of other fungal genera.
- Taxon
- Quercus mongolicaQuercus mongolicat0
- Second interactor
- Lactariuse0symbiont
- Outcome
- relative abundance of Russula and Lactariuse0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the relative abundance of Russula and Lactarius in the roots and soils showed a linear correlation with the relative abundance of the other fungal genera.”
t0“The community composition variation of Russulaceae associated with the Quercus mongolica forest during the growing season at Wudalianchi City, China”