Abstract
Common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is an important grain legume for food and cash of the smallholder farmers worldwide. However, the total potential benefits to be derived from the common bean as a source of food and income, its complementarities with non-legume food crops, and significance to the environment are underexploited. Intensification of common bean could provide approaches that offer new techniques to better manage and monitor globally complex systems of sustainable food production. Therefore, this study tried to assess the productivity of common bean bushy varieties when are involved as part of an intercrop with maize (Zea mays L.) in varying agro-ecological zones. The factors evaluated were the cropping seasons/years (S) (2015 and 2016), agro-ecological zones (A) above sea level (lower 843 m, middle 1051 m, upper 1743 m), and cropping systems (C) (sole, intercrop). The data collected were the total biomass, number of pods per plant and seeds per pod, 100-seed weight as yield components, and grain yield. Bean and maize grain yields were used to calculate the partial (P) and total land equivalent ratio (LER). Results indicated that the main effects of S, A, C, and the interaction effects of S × A, S × C, S × A × C were significant on bean grain yields. Interactions of S × A × C were also significant on all measured variables. Results also indicated that continuous intercropping of bean with maize over two cropping seasons resulted in the increase of bean grain yields from 1.5 to 2.3 t ha−1 in the lower altitude, 2.0 to 2.3 t ha−1 in the middle altitude, and 1.8 to 2.9 t ha−1 in the upper altitude. Land utilization advantage of intercrops over monocultures yielded a total LER of 1.58, whereas the average partial land equivalent ratio (PLER) of individual beans was 1.53.
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Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
Season, zone and cropping system had significant main and interaction effects on bean grain yield.
Not reportedTaxonDirection
Verbatim
e0“the main effects of S, A, C, and the interaction effects of S × A, S × C, S × A × C were significant on bean grain yields”
Claim · model-written summary
The season by zone by cropping-system interaction was significant for all measured variables.
Not reportedTaxonDirection
Verbatim
e0“Interactions of S × A × C were also significant on all measured variables.”
Claim · model-written summary
Continuous intercropping raised lower-altitude bean yield from 1.5 to 2.3 t ha−1.
- Taxon
- beane0
- Treatment
- continuous intercropping of bean with maizee0
- Outcome
- bean grain yieldse0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Value
- 1.5 to 2.3 t ha−1e0
- Setting
- lower altitudee0
Zea maysNot reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“continuous intercropping of bean with maize over two cropping seasons resulted in the increase of bean grain yields from 1.5 to 2.3 t ha−1 in the lower altitude”
Claim · model-written summary
Continuous intercropping raised middle-altitude bean yield from 2.0 to 2.3 t ha−1.
- Taxon
- beane0
- Treatment
- continuous intercropping of bean with maizee0
- Outcome
- bean grain yieldse0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Value
- 2.0 to 2.3 t ha−1e0
- Setting
- middle altitudee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“continuous intercropping of bean with maize over two cropping seasons resulted in the increase of bean grain yields from 1.5 to 2.3 t ha−1 in the lower altitude, 2.0 to 2.3 t ha−1 in the middle altitude”
Claim · model-written summary
Continuous intercropping raised upper-altitude bean yield from 1.8 to 2.9 t ha−1.
- Taxon
- beane0
- Treatment
- continuous intercropping of bean with maizee0
- Outcome
- bean grain yieldse0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Value
- 1.8 to 2.9 t ha−1e0
- Setting
- upper altitudee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“continuous intercropping of bean with maize over two cropping seasons resulted in the increase of bean grain yields from 1.5 to 2.3 t ha−1 in the lower altitude, 2.0 to 2.3 t ha−1 in the middle altitude, and 1.8 to 2.9 t ha−1 in the upper altitude”
Claim · model-written summary
Intercrops had a total land equivalent ratio of 1.58.
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“Land utilization advantage of intercrops over monocultures yielded a total LER of 1.58”
Claim · model-written summary
Beans had an average partial land equivalent ratio of 1.53.
Verbatim
e0“the average partial land equivalent ratio (PLER) of individual beans was 1.53”
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