Abstract
Symptoms of forest decline, apparently due to climate change, have become evident in the last 10 years on the Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt and northwestern temperate forest of Mexico, particularly at the xeric (low elevational) limit of several forest tree species. We review and provide recent evidence of massive infestation of timberline Pinus hartwegii Lindl. by the mistletoes Arceuthobium globosum Hawksw. & Wiens and Arceuthobium vaginatum (Humb. & Bonpl. ex Willd.) J.Presl; insufficient Abies religiosa (Kunth) Schltdl. & Cham. seedling recruitment at the Monarch Butterfly Biosphere Reserve; indications of inbreeding and defoliation in endangered Picea chihuahuana Martínez, Picea martinezii T.F. Patt., Picea mexicana Martínez, and extreme southern populations of Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco; and the incidence of unusual pest and disease outbreaks (e.g., Dendroctonus Erichson, 1836 spp., Neodiprion autumnalis Smith, and Phytophthora cinnamomi Rands) in several conifer and oak species. We also discuss a difficult question: Is natural genetic variation sufficient to provide populations with the adaptive variation necessary to survive the natural selection imposed by projected climate change scenarios, or will phenotypic plasticity be exhausted and populations decline? Controversial ex situ conservation within natural protected areas, assisted migration, and translocation of species ensembles are discussed as options by which to accommodate projected climatic change impacts on the management and conservation practices of the megadiverse Mexican temperate forest.
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Claims 6
Claim · model-written summary
Massive infestation of timberline Pinus hartwegii by the mistletoes Arceuthobium globosum and Arceuthobium vaginatum was found.
- Taxon
- Pinus hartwegii Lindl.
Pinus hartwegiie1 - Interactor
- Arceuthobium globosum Hawksw. & Wiens
Arceuthobium globosume1parasite - Second interactor
- Arceuthobium vaginatum (Humb. & Bonpl. ex Willd.) J.Presl
Arceuthobium vaginatume1parasite - Outcome
- infestatione1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“massive infestation of timberline Pinus hartwegii Lindl. by the mistletoes Arceuthobium globosum Hawksw. & Wiens and Arceuthobium vaginatum (Humb. & Bonpl. ex Willd.) J.Presl”
Claim · model-written summary
Seedling recruitment of Abies religiosa was insufficient at the Monarch Butterfly Biosphere Reserve.
- Taxon
- Abies religiosa (Kunth) Schltdl. & Cham.
Abies religiosae2 - Outcome
- seedling recruitmente2
- Qualifier
- insufficiente2
- Setting
- Monarch Butterfly Biosphere Reservee2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“insufficient Abies religiosa (Kunth) Schltdl. & Cham. seedling recruitment at the Monarch Butterfly Biosphere Reserve”
Claim · model-written summary
Indications of inbreeding and defoliation were found in endangered Picea species.
- Taxon
- Picea chihuahuana Martínez, Picea martinezii T.F. Patt., Picea mexicana MartínezPicea mexicana
Picea chihuahuana
Picea martineziie3 - Outcome
- indications of inbreeding and defoliatione3
- Qualifier
- endangerede3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e3“indications of inbreeding and defoliation in endangered Picea chihuahuana Martínez, Picea martinezii T.F. Patt., Picea mexicana Martínez”
Claim · model-written summary
Indications of inbreeding and defoliation were found in extreme southern populations of Pseudotsuga menziesii.
- Taxon
- Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco
Pseudotsuga menziesiie4 - Material
- extreme southern populationse4
- Outcome
- indications of inbreeding and defoliatione4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e4“indications of inbreeding and defoliation in endangered Picea chihuahuana Martínez, Picea martinezii T.F. Patt., Picea mexicana Martínez, and extreme southern populations of Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco”
Claim · model-written summary
Incidence of unusual pest outbreaks, including Dendroctonus and Neodiprion autumnalis, rose in several conifer and oak species.
- Taxon
- conifer and oak speciese5
- Interactor
- Dendroctonus Erichson, 1836 spp.e5pest
- Second interactor
- Neodiprion autumnalis SmithNeodiprion autumnalise5pest
- Outcome
- incidence of unusual pest and disease outbreakse5
Verbatim
e5“the incidence of unusual pest and disease outbreaks (e.g., Dendroctonus Erichson, 1836 spp., Neodiprion autumnalis Smith, and Phytophthora cinnamomi Rands) in several conifer and oak species”
Claim · model-written summary
Phytophthora cinnamomi was among the agents of unusual disease outbreaks in several conifer and oak species.
- Taxon
- conifer and oak speciese5
- Interactor
- Phytophthora cinnamomi Rands
Phytophthora cinnamomie5pathogen - Outcome
- incidence of unusual pest and disease outbreakse5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e5“the incidence of unusual pest and disease outbreaks (e.g., Dendroctonus Erichson, 1836 spp., Neodiprion autumnalis Smith, and Phytophthora cinnamomi Rands) in several conifer and oak species”