Abstract
ABSTRACT: To examine the effect of pre emergence herbicides, plant extracts and mulches on yield and yield components of maize, a field experiment was carried out at New Developmental Farm, The University of Agriculture Peshawar-Pakistan during summer crop season 2016. Maize variety “Azam” was sown in Randomized Complete Block (RCB) design having four replications and ten treatments i.e. hand weeding, Dual Gold 960 EC (S-metolachlor 1 L ha-1), Stomp 330 EC (pendimethaline 2.5 L ha-1), atrazine 1.25 L ha-1, Eucalyptus camaldulensis L. extract (125 g L-1), Ammi visnaga L. extract (125 g L-1), black plastic mulch, wheat straw mulch, saw dust mulch and weedy check. The data revealed that hand weeding and herbicides significantly affected the weed density (m-2), weeds biomass (kg ha-1), plant height (cm), kernels weight (g), number of kernels ear-1, biological yield (kg ha-1) and grain yield (kg ha-1). All the significant parameters of crop were comparable among the hand weeding, atrazine, S-metolachlor and pendimethaline treated plots. However, atrazine and S-metolachlor proved to be the most economical herbicides giving maximum yield (4636.4 and 4562.8 kg ha-1), respectively. Among plant extracts, E. camaldulensis showed satisfactory results in suppressing weeds and enhancing yield of maize i.e. (3441.6 kg ha-1). Hence, the use of herbicides (atrazine and S-metolachlor) at the recommended rates and hand weeding is recommended for effective weed control and ultimately high yield of maize crop.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Hand weeding and herbicides significantly affected weed density and weed biomass in maize.
- Material
- Azame0
- Treatment
- hand weeding and herbicidese1
- Interactor
- weedse1weed
- Outcome
- weed density (m-2), weeds biomass (kg ha-1)e1
- Setting
- New Developmental Farm, The University of Agriculture Peshawar-Pakistane2
Zea maysNot reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Maize variety “Azam” was sown”
e2“a field experiment was carried out at New Developmental Farm, The University of Agriculture Peshawar-Pakistan during summer crop season 2016”
e1“hand weeding and herbicides significantly affected the weed density (m-2), weeds biomass (kg ha-1), plant height (cm), kernels weight (g), number of kernels ear-1, biological yield (kg ha-1) and grain yield (kg ha-1)”
Claim · model-written summary
Hand weeding and herbicides significantly affected plant height, kernel weight and kernel number per ear of maize.
- Material
- Azame0
- Treatment
- hand weeding and herbicidese1
- Outcome
- plant height (cm), kernels weight (g), number of kernels ear-1e1
- Setting
- New Developmental Farm, The University of Agriculture Peshawar-Pakistane2
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Maize variety “Azam” was sown”
e2“a field experiment was carried out at New Developmental Farm, The University of Agriculture Peshawar-Pakistan during summer crop season 2016”
e1“hand weeding and herbicides significantly affected the weed density (m-2), weeds biomass (kg ha-1), plant height (cm), kernels weight (g), number of kernels ear-1, biological yield (kg ha-1) and grain yield (kg ha-1)”
Claim · model-written summary
Hand weeding and herbicides significantly affected biological yield and grain yield of maize.
- Material
- Azame0
- Treatment
- hand weeding and herbicidese1
- Outcome
- biological yield (kg ha-1) and grain yield (kg ha-1)e1
- Setting
- New Developmental Farm, The University of Agriculture Peshawar-Pakistane2
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Maize variety “Azam” was sown”
e2“a field experiment was carried out at New Developmental Farm, The University of Agriculture Peshawar-Pakistan during summer crop season 2016”
e1“hand weeding and herbicides significantly affected the weed density (m-2), weeds biomass (kg ha-1), plant height (cm), kernels weight (g), number of kernels ear-1, biological yield (kg ha-1) and grain yield (kg ha-1)”
Claim · model-written summary
Hand weeding, atrazine, S-metolachlor and pendimethalin gave comparable significant crop parameters.
- Treatment
- hand weeding, atrazine, S-metolachlor and pendimethalinee2
- Outcome
- significant parameters of crope2
- Direction
- comparablee2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Maize variety “Azam” was sown”
e2“All the significant parameters of crop were comparable among the hand weeding, atrazine, S-metolachlor and pendimethaline treated plots”
Claim · model-written summary
Atrazine gave the maximum maize yield, 4636.4 kg ha-1, and was among the most economical herbicides.
- Treatment
- atrazinee3
- Outcome
- yielde3
- Direction
- maximume3
- Value
- 4636.4e3
- Qualifier
- most economical herbicidese3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Maize variety “Azam” was sown”
e3“atrazine and S-metolachlor proved to be the most economical herbicides giving maximum yield (4636.4 and 4562.8 kg ha-1), respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
S-metolachlor gave the maximum maize yield, 4562.8 kg ha-1, and was among the most economical herbicides.
- Treatment
- S-metolachlore3
- Outcome
- yielde3
- Direction
- maximume3
- Value
- 4562.8e3
- Qualifier
- most economical herbicidese3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Maize variety “Azam” was sown”
e3“atrazine and S-metolachlor proved to be the most economical herbicides giving maximum yield (4636.4 and 4562.8 kg ha-1), respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Eucalyptus camaldulensis extract showed satisfactory suppression of weeds in maize.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Maize variety “Azam” was sown”
e4“E. camaldulensis showed satisfactory results in suppressing weeds and enhancing yield of maize i.e. (3441.6 kg ha-1)”
Claim · model-written summary
Eucalyptus camaldulensis extract enhanced maize yield to 3441.6 kg ha-1.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Maize variety “Azam” was sown”
e4“E. camaldulensis showed satisfactory results in suppressing weeds and enhancing yield of maize i.e. (3441.6 kg ha-1)”
Claim · model-written summary
Herbicides (atrazine and S-metolachlor) at recommended rates and hand weeding are recommended for effective weed control and high maize yield.
- Treatment
- herbicides (atrazine and S-metolachlor) at the recommended rates and hand weedinge5
- Outcome
- effective weed control and ultimately high yielde5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e5“the use of herbicides (atrazine and S-metolachlor) at the recommended rates and hand weeding is recommended for effective weed control and ultimately high yield of maize crop”
The same questions in other papers
atrazine · yield · Zea mays (maize)Results differ
204 papers in the same direction as this paper · 29 in the opposite direction · 6 reporting no difference from an alternative
- positive
- positive
- negative
236 papers more in this group
See all 240 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.