Abstract
Abstract Parthenium weed is an invasive species in a growing number of countries where it infests numerous crop fields, including sorghum. Two field studies were conducted to quantify the effect of parthenium weed on the performance of grain sorghum at different weed densities (0, 5, 10, 15 and 20 plants m −2 ) and durations of weed-crop competition (season-long weed-free, weed-free after 2, 4, 6 or 8 weeks, and season-long weedy). Our aim was to identify the density threshold and ideal duration to control parthenium weed in sorghum fields. Both field experiments were planned in a randomised complete block design each with three replications in 2016 and were repeated in 2017. Parthenium weed biomass increased significantly with increasing density and competition duration. The increasing parthenium weed density had a linear negative effect on sorghum growth, yield and yield-contributing traits. The highest yield loss, of up to 66%, was recorded at the highest parthenium weed density of 20 plants m −2 when compared to weed-free treatment. In addition, the season-long competition of this weed with sorghum caused 81% reduction in grain yield over weed-free treatment. According to our results, parthenium weed should be managed below a density of 5 plants m −2 and throughout the crop growth duration in grain sorghum fields as it can cause serious yield losses even at low densities and through strong competition at early as well as late growth stages of the crop.
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Claims 5
Claim · model-written summary
Parthenium weed biomass increased significantly as density and competition duration rose.
- Taxon
- grain sorghum
Sorghum bicolort0 - Treatment
- increasing density and competition duratione0
- Interactor
- Parthenium weede0weed
- Outcome
- Parthenium weed biomasse0
- Direction
- increasede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Parthenium weed biomass increased significantly with increasing density and competition duration.”
t0“grain sorghum”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing parthenium density had a linear negative effect on sorghum growth, yield and yield-contributing traits.
- Treatment
- increasing parthenium weed densitye0
- Interactor
- parthenium weede0weed
- Outcome
- sorghum growth, yield and yield-contributing traitse0
- Direction
- negativee0
SorghumOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The increasing parthenium weed density had a linear negative effect on sorghum growth, yield and yield-contributing traits.”
Claim · model-written summary
At 20 plants per square metre, parthenium caused up to 66% yield loss relative to weed-free treatment.
- Taxon
- grain sorghumSorghum bicolort0
- Treatment
- 20 plants m −2e0
- Interactor
- parthenium weedt0weed
- Outcome
- yield losse0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 66%e0
- Comparator
- weed-free treatmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The highest yield loss, of up to 66%, was recorded at the highest parthenium weed density of 20 plants m −2 when compared to weed-free treatment.”
t0“Parthenium weed (Parthenium hysterophorus) competition with grain sorghum under arid conditions”
Claim · model-written summary
Season-long competition with parthenium reduced sorghum grain yield by 81% relative to weed-free treatment.
- Treatment
- season-long competition of this weede0
- Interactor
- this weede0weed
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- reductione0
- Value
- 81%e0
- Comparator
- weed-free treatmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the season-long competition of this weed with sorghum caused 81% reduction in grain yield over weed-free treatment.”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend managing parthenium below 5 plants per square metre throughout sorghum growth.
- Taxon
- grain sorghumSorghum bicolore0
- Interactor
- parthenium weede0weed
- Outcome
- managed below a density of 5 plants m −2 and throughout the crop growth duratione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“parthenium weed should be managed below a density of 5 plants m −2 and throughout the crop growth duration in grain sorghum fields”
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