Abstract
The tomato and cotton whitefly, Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) Biotype “Q” (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) is an important pest on cucumber. The present work deals with the efficacy of the compounds, Mineral oil, Jojoba oil , Sulphur, Peacilomyces fumosoroseus, Azdrachtin, Verticellium lecanii and Actara on B. tabaci Biotype “Q” and its parasitoid, Eretmocerus mundus (Mercet) (Hymenoptera : Aphelinidae) and predator, Chrysoperla carnea (Stephens) (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae). Field experiments were carried out to evaluate of the seven compounds on B. tabaci Biotype “Q” and associated natural enemies (E. mundus and C. carnea ) on cucumber crop at Dakahliya Governorate. When the numbers of whitefly and its parasitoid and predator were high during October. The results indicated that the four compounds Jojoba oil , Peacilomyces fumosoroseus, Azdrachtin and Verticellium lecaniigave moderate effect against B. tabaci Biotype “Q” (59.3-66.7 and 58.7-66.3%), the parasitoid, E. mundus (59.9-66.7%) and the predator, C. carnea (60.3-67.7 and 60.3-67.3%) during the two years under consideration, respectively. On the other hand, Actara gave high efficacy against B. tabaci Biotype “Q” ( 85.2 and 87.0%), C. carnea (86.3 and 85.0 %) and on E. mundus ( 85.0 and 88.3%) . While, Mineral oil and Sulphur compounds gave 79.2 & 72.6 and 79.9-70.9 % for B. tabaci; 78.1 & 71.7 % and 78.2 & 72.2 for E. mundus and 78.1 & 72.5 % and 78.9 & 72.5 for C. carnea mortality during the two years under consideration, respectively. It is concluded that the use of certain botanical extracts (Azdrachtin ) and fungi (Peacilomyces fumosoroseus and Verticellium lecanii )for the control tomato and cotton whitefly, B. tabaci Biotype “Q” is an important and useful approach. As well as using these compounds safely effect of natural enemies and environment.
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Claims 18
Claim · model-written summary
Jojoba oil moderately affected whitefly, with reported efficacy ranges of 59.3–66.7 and 58.7–66.3%.
- Taxon
- B. tabaci
Bemisia tabacie0 - Treatment
- Jojoba oile0
- Outcome
- moderate effecte0
- Value
- 59.3-66.7 and 58.7-66.3%e0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The results indicated that the four compounds Jojoba oil , Peacilomyces fumosoroseus, Azdrachtin and Verticellium lecaniigave moderate effect against B. tabaci Biotype “Q” (59.3-66.7 and 58.7-66.3%), the parasitoid, E. mundus (59.9-66.7%) and the predator, C. carnea (60.3-67.7 and 60.3-67.3%) during the two years under consideration, respectively.”
Claim · model-written summary
Peacilomyces fumosoroseus moderately affected whitefly with reported efficacy ranges of 59.3–66.7 and 58.7–66.3%.
- Taxon
- B. tabaciBemisia tabacie0
- Treatment
- Peacilomyces fumosoroseuse0
- Interactor
- Peacilomyces fumosoroseuse0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- moderate effecte0
- Value
- 59.3-66.7 and 58.7-66.3%e0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The results indicated that the four compounds Jojoba oil , Peacilomyces fumosoroseus, Azdrachtin and Verticellium lecaniigave moderate effect against B. tabaci Biotype “Q” (59.3-66.7 and 58.7-66.3%), the parasitoid, E. mundus (59.9-66.7%) and the predator, C. carnea (60.3-67.7 and 60.3-67.3%) during the two years under consideration, respectively.”
Claim · model-written summary
Azdrachtin moderately affected whitefly with reported efficacy ranges of 59.3–66.7 and 58.7–66.3%.
- Taxon
- B. tabaciBemisia tabacie0
- Treatment
- Azdrachtine0
- Outcome
- moderate effecte0
- Value
- 59.3-66.7 and 58.7-66.3%e0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The results indicated that the four compounds Jojoba oil , Peacilomyces fumosoroseus, Azdrachtin and Verticellium lecaniigave moderate effect against B. tabaci Biotype “Q” (59.3-66.7 and 58.7-66.3%), the parasitoid, E. mundus (59.9-66.7%) and the predator, C. carnea (60.3-67.7 and 60.3-67.3%) during the two years under consideration, respectively.”
Claim · model-written summary
Verticellium lecanii moderately affected whitefly with reported efficacy ranges of 59.3–66.7 and 58.7–66.3%.
- Taxon
- B. tabaciBemisia tabacie0
- Treatment
- Verticellium lecaniie0
- Interactor
- Verticellium lecaniie0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- moderate effecte0
- Value
- 59.3-66.7 and 58.7-66.3%e0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The results indicated that the four compounds Jojoba oil , Peacilomyces fumosoroseus, Azdrachtin and Verticellium lecaniigave moderate effect against B. tabaci Biotype “Q” (59.3-66.7 and 58.7-66.3%), the parasitoid, E. mundus (59.9-66.7%) and the predator, C. carnea (60.3-67.7 and 60.3-67.3%) during the two years under consideration, respectively.”
Claim · model-written summary
The four moderately effective compounds affected E. mundus by 59.9–66.7%.
- Taxon
- E. mundusEretmocerus munduse0
- Outcome
- moderate effecte0
- Value
- 59.9-66.7%e0
Not reportedDirection
Verbatim
e0“The results indicated that the four compounds Jojoba oil , Peacilomyces fumosoroseus, Azdrachtin and Verticellium lecaniigave moderate effect against B. tabaci Biotype “Q” (59.3-66.7 and 58.7-66.3%), the parasitoid, E. mundus (59.9-66.7%) and the predator, C. carnea (60.3-67.7 and 60.3-67.3%) during the two years under consideration, respectively.”
Claim · model-written summary
The four moderately effective compounds affected C. carnea by 60.3–67.7 and 60.3–67.3%.
- Taxon
- C. carnea
_Chrysoperla_carnea_-_dorsal_view.jpg?width=60)
Chrysoperla carneae0 - Outcome
- moderate effecte0
- Value
- 60.3-67.7 and 60.3-67.3%e0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_Chrysoperla_carnea_-_dorsal_view.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“The results indicated that the four compounds Jojoba oil , Peacilomyces fumosoroseus, Azdrachtin and Verticellium lecaniigave moderate effect against B. tabaci Biotype “Q” (59.3-66.7 and 58.7-66.3%), the parasitoid, E. mundus (59.9-66.7%) and the predator, C. carnea (60.3-67.7 and 60.3-67.3%) during the two years under consideration, respectively.”
Claim · model-written summary
Actara had high efficacy against whitefly: 85.2 and 87.0%.
- Taxon
- B. tabaciBemisia tabacie0
- Treatment
- Actarae0
- Outcome
- efficacye0
- Direction
- highe0
- Value
- 85.2 and 87.0%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Actara gave high efficacy against B. tabaci Biotype “Q” ( 85.2 and 87.0%), C. carnea (86.3 and 85.0 %) and on E. mundus ( 85.0 and 88.3%)”
Claim · model-written summary
Actara had high efficacy against C. carnea: 86.3 and 85.0%.
- Taxon
- C. carneaChrysoperla carneae0
- Treatment
- Actarae0
- Outcome
- efficacye0
- Direction
- highe0
- Value
- 86.3 and 85.0 %e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Actara gave high efficacy against B. tabaci Biotype “Q” ( 85.2 and 87.0%), C. carnea (86.3 and 85.0 %) and on E. mundus ( 85.0 and 88.3%)”
Claim · model-written summary
Actara had high efficacy against E. mundus: 85.0 and 88.3%.
- Taxon
- E. mundusEretmocerus munduse0
- Treatment
- Actarae0
- Outcome
- efficacye0
- Direction
- highe0
- Value
- 85.0 and 88.3%e0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“Actara gave high efficacy against B. tabaci Biotype “Q” ( 85.2 and 87.0%), C. carnea (86.3 and 85.0 %) and on E. mundus ( 85.0 and 88.3%)”
Claim · model-written summary
Mineral oil caused whitefly mortality of 79.2 and 79.9% across the two years.
- Taxon
- B. tabaciBemisia tabacie0
- Treatment
- Mineral oile0
- Outcome
- mortalitye0
- Value
- 79.2e0
- Qualifier
- 79.9-70.9 %e0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“While, Mineral oil and Sulphur compounds gave 79.2 & 72.6 and 79.9-70.9 % for B. tabaci; 78.1 & 71.7 % and 78.2 & 72.2 for E. mundus and 78.1 & 72.5 % and 78.9 & 72.5 for C. carnea mortality during the two years under consideration, respectively.”
Claim · model-written summary
Sulphur caused whitefly mortality of 72.6 and 70.9% across the two years.
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“While, Mineral oil and Sulphur compounds gave 79.2 & 72.6 and 79.9-70.9 % for B. tabaci; 78.1 & 71.7 % and 78.2 & 72.2 for E. mundus and 78.1 & 72.5 % and 78.9 & 72.5 for C. carnea mortality during the two years under consideration, respectively.”
Claim · model-written summary
Mineral oil caused E. mundus mortality of 78.1 and 78.2%.
- Taxon
- E. mundusEretmocerus munduse0
- Treatment
- Mineral oile0
- Outcome
- mortalitye0
- Value
- 78.1e0
- Qualifier
- 78.2e0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Verbatim
e0“While, Mineral oil and Sulphur compounds gave 79.2 & 72.6 and 79.9-70.9 % for B. tabaci; 78.1 & 71.7 % and 78.2 & 72.2 for E. mundus and 78.1 & 72.5 % and 78.9 & 72.5 for C. carnea mortality during the two years under consideration, respectively.”
Claim · model-written summary
Sulphur caused E. mundus mortality of 71.7 and 72.2%.
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Verbatim
e0“While, Mineral oil and Sulphur compounds gave 79.2 & 72.6 and 79.9-70.9 % for B. tabaci; 78.1 & 71.7 % and 78.2 & 72.2 for E. mundus and 78.1 & 72.5 % and 78.9 & 72.5 for C. carnea mortality during the two years under consideration, respectively.”
Claim · model-written summary
Mineral oil caused C. carnea mortality of 78.1 and 78.9%.
- Taxon
- C. carneaChrysoperla carneae0
- Treatment
- Mineral oile0
- Outcome
- mortalitye0
- Value
- 78.1e0
- Qualifier
- 78.9e0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“While, Mineral oil and Sulphur compounds gave 79.2 & 72.6 and 79.9-70.9 % for B. tabaci; 78.1 & 71.7 % and 78.2 & 72.2 for E. mundus and 78.1 & 72.5 % and 78.9 & 72.5 for C. carnea mortality during the two years under consideration, respectively.”
Claim · model-written summary
Sulphur caused C. carnea mortality of 72.5% in both years.
- Taxon
- C. carneaChrysoperla carneae0
- Treatment
- Sulphure0
- Outcome
- mortalitye0
- Value
- 72.5 %e0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“While, Mineral oil and Sulphur compounds gave 79.2 & 72.6 and 79.9-70.9 % for B. tabaci; 78.1 & 71.7 % and 78.2 & 72.2 for E. mundus and 78.1 & 72.5 % and 78.9 & 72.5 for C. carnea mortality during the two years under consideration, respectively.”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend Azdrachtin for whitefly control with safety to natural enemies and environment.
- Taxon
- B. tabaciBemisia tabacie0
- Treatment
- Azdrachtine0
- Outcome
- control tomato and cotton whiteflye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“It is concluded that the use of certain botanical extracts (Azdrachtin ) and fungi (Peacilomyces fumosoroseus and Verticellium lecanii )for the control tomato and cotton whitefly, B. tabaci Biotype “Q” is an important and useful approach. As well as using these compounds safely effect of natural enemies and environment.”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend Peacilomyces fumosoroseus for whitefly control.
- Taxon
- B. tabaciBemisia tabacie0
- Treatment
- Peacilomyces fumosoroseuse0
- Interactor
- Peacilomyces fumosoroseuse0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- control tomato and cotton whiteflye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“It is concluded that the use of certain botanical extracts (Azdrachtin ) and fungi (Peacilomyces fumosoroseus and Verticellium lecanii )for the control tomato and cotton whitefly, B. tabaci Biotype “Q” is an important and useful approach.”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend Verticellium lecanii for whitefly control.
- Taxon
- B. tabaciBemisia tabacie0
- Treatment
- Verticellium lecaniie0
- Interactor
- Verticellium lecaniie0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- control tomato and cotton whiteflye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“It is concluded that the use of certain botanical extracts (Azdrachtin ) and fungi (Peacilomyces fumosoroseus and Verticellium lecanii )for the control tomato and cotton whitefly, B. tabaci Biotype “Q” is an important and useful approach.”