Abstract
Maize ear rot caused by Fusarium verticillioides (Fv) is a major disease associated with reduced grain yield and ear quality. The use of biochar in management of ear rot has not been established. Efficacy of biochar aganst the disease was therefore investigated. Efficacy of biochars produced from poultry faecal waste (Bpw) and sawdust (Bsd) against pathogenic Fusarium verticillioides (Fv) causing ear rot in maize was determined using biochar treatment combinations (Bpw, Bsd, Bpw + Bsd, Bpw + Fv, Bsd + Fv, Bpw + Bsd + Fv, Fv and control) as soil amendments. Additional treatments consisted of fungicide (Cibaplus), poultry feacal waste (Pw), sawdust (Sd), Bpw + Fungicide, Bsd + Fungicide, Bpw + Bsd + Fungicide, Fungicide + Fv, and Pw + Sd. The Bpw and Pw at 1, 2 and 3 kg/m2 each, Bsd and Sd (0.50, 1.00 and 1.50 kg/m2) and fungicide (0.25, 0.50 and 1.00 g/L) were applied. Inoculation of pathogenic F. verticillioides strain was conducted at 7th week after planting and ear rot severity assessed at harvest. Residual effects of treatments were examined in the second season. Data gathered were subjected to ANOVA at α 0.05. Maize treated with Sd, Bpw and Bpw + Fungicide scored 1–3% severity; Bpw + Bsd, Bsd, Fungicide, Pw + Sd, Bsd + Fv, Bsd + Fungicide, Bpw + Bsd + Fungicide, Bpw + Fv, Bpw + Bsd + Fv and Fungicide + Fv scored 4–10 %. Severity rating for control and Pw was 11–25 % while Fv was 26–50 %. Poultry faecal waste and Bpw based treatments recorded significant impact on growth characters across varying concentrations compared to other treatments. Poultry faecal waste biochar and sawdust biochar were effective in the management of Fusarium ear rot of maize and could be used as soil amendments.
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Claims 20
Claim · model-written summary
Sawdust treatment had 1–3% maize ear rot severity.
- Treatment
- Sde0
- Interactor
- Fusarium verticillioides
Fusarium verticillioidest0pathogen - Outcome
- severitye0
- Value
- 1–3%e0
Zea maysNot reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Maize treated with Sd, Bpw and Bpw + Fungicide scored 1–3% severity”
t0“Fusarium verticillioides”
Claim · model-written summary
Poultry waste biochar treatment had 1–3% maize ear rot severity.
- Treatment
- Bpwe0
- Interactor
- Fusarium verticillioidesFusarium verticillioidest0pathogen
- Outcome
- severitye0
- Value
- 1–3%e0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Maize treated with Sd, Bpw and Bpw + Fungicide scored 1–3% severity”
t0“Fusarium verticillioides”
Claim · model-written summary
Biochar plus fungicide had 1–3% maize ear rot severity.
- Treatment
- Bpw + Fungicidee0
- Interactor
- Fusarium verticillioidesFusarium verticillioidest0pathogen
- Outcome
- severitye0
- Value
- 1–3%e0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Maize treated with Sd, Bpw and Bpw + Fungicide scored 1–3% severity”
t0“Fusarium verticillioides”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined poultry waste and sawdust biochar had 4–10% severity.
- Treatment
- Bpw + Bsde0
- Interactor
- Fusarium verticillioidesFusarium verticillioidest0pathogen
- Outcome
- Severity ratinge1
- Value
- 4–10 %e0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Bpw + Bsd, Bsd, Fungicide, Pw + Sd, Bsd + Fv, Bsd + Fungicide, Bpw + Bsd + Fungicide, Bpw + Fv, Bpw + Bsd + Fv and Fungicide + Fv scored 4–10 %”
t0“Fusarium verticillioides Sacc. causing ear rot in Zea mays L.”
e1“Severity rating for control and Pw was 11–25 %”
Claim · model-written summary
Sawdust biochar had 4–10% severity.
- Treatment
- Bsde0
- Interactor
- Fusarium verticillioidesFusarium verticillioidest0pathogen
- Outcome
- Severity ratinge1
- Value
- 4–10 %e0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Bpw + Bsd, Bsd, Fungicide, Pw + Sd, Bsd + Fv, Bsd + Fungicide, Bpw + Bsd + Fungicide, Bpw + Fv, Bpw + Bsd + Fv and Fungicide + Fv scored 4–10 %”
t0“Fusarium verticillioides Sacc. causing ear rot in Zea mays L.”
e1“Severity rating for control and Pw was 11–25 %”
Claim · model-written summary
Fungicide had 4–10% severity.
- Treatment
- Fungicidee0
- Interactor
- Fusarium verticillioidesFusarium verticillioidest0pathogen
- Outcome
- Severity ratinge1
- Value
- 4–10 %e0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Bpw + Bsd, Bsd, Fungicide, Pw + Sd, Bsd + Fv, Bsd + Fungicide, Bpw + Bsd + Fungicide, Bpw + Fv, Bpw + Bsd + Fv and Fungicide + Fv scored 4–10 %”
t0“Fusarium verticillioides Sacc. causing ear rot in Zea mays L.”
e1“Severity rating for control and Pw was 11–25 %”
Claim · model-written summary
Poultry waste plus sawdust had 4–10% severity.
- Treatment
- Pw + Sde0
- Interactor
- Fusarium verticillioidesFusarium verticillioidest0pathogen
- Outcome
- Severity ratinge1
- Value
- 4–10 %e0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Bpw + Bsd, Bsd, Fungicide, Pw + Sd, Bsd + Fv, Bsd + Fungicide, Bpw + Bsd + Fungicide, Bpw + Fv, Bpw + Bsd + Fv and Fungicide + Fv scored 4–10 %”
t0“Fusarium verticillioides Sacc. causing ear rot in Zea mays L.”
e1“Severity rating for control and Pw was 11–25 %”
Claim · model-written summary
Sawdust biochar plus pathogen had 4–10% severity.
- Treatment
- Bsd + Fve0
- Interactor
- Fusarium verticillioidesFusarium verticillioidest0pathogen
- Outcome
- Severity ratinge1
- Value
- 4–10 %e0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Bpw + Bsd, Bsd, Fungicide, Pw + Sd, Bsd + Fv, Bsd + Fungicide, Bpw + Bsd + Fungicide, Bpw + Fv, Bpw + Bsd + Fv and Fungicide + Fv scored 4–10 %”
t0“Fusarium verticillioides Sacc. causing ear rot in Zea mays L.”
e1“Severity rating for control and Pw was 11–25 %”
Claim · model-written summary
Sawdust biochar plus fungicide had 4–10% severity.
- Treatment
- Bsd + Fungicidee0
- Interactor
- Fusarium verticillioidesFusarium verticillioidest0pathogen
- Outcome
- Severity ratinge1
- Value
- 4–10 %e0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Bpw + Bsd, Bsd, Fungicide, Pw + Sd, Bsd + Fv, Bsd + Fungicide, Bpw + Bsd + Fungicide, Bpw + Fv, Bpw + Bsd + Fv and Fungicide + Fv scored 4–10 %”
t0“Fusarium verticillioides Sacc. causing ear rot in Zea mays L.”
e1“Severity rating for control and Pw was 11–25 %”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined biochars plus fungicide had 4–10% severity.
- Treatment
- Bpw + Bsd + Fungicidee0
- Interactor
- Fusarium verticillioidesFusarium verticillioidest0pathogen
- Outcome
- Severity ratinge1
- Value
- 4–10 %e0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Bpw + Bsd, Bsd, Fungicide, Pw + Sd, Bsd + Fv, Bsd + Fungicide, Bpw + Bsd + Fungicide, Bpw + Fv, Bpw + Bsd + Fv and Fungicide + Fv scored 4–10 %”
t0“Fusarium verticillioides Sacc. causing ear rot in Zea mays L.”
e1“Severity rating for control and Pw was 11–25 %”
Claim · model-written summary
Poultry waste biochar plus pathogen had 4–10% severity.
- Treatment
- Bpw + Fve0
- Interactor
- Fusarium verticillioidesFusarium verticillioidest0pathogen
- Outcome
- Severity ratinge1
- Value
- 4–10 %e0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Bpw + Bsd, Bsd, Fungicide, Pw + Sd, Bsd + Fv, Bsd + Fungicide, Bpw + Bsd + Fungicide, Bpw + Fv, Bpw + Bsd + Fv and Fungicide + Fv scored 4–10 %”
t0“Fusarium verticillioides Sacc. causing ear rot in Zea mays L.”
e1“Severity rating for control and Pw was 11–25 %”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined biochars plus pathogen had 4–10% severity.
- Treatment
- Bpw + Bsd + Fve0
- Interactor
- Fusarium verticillioidesFusarium verticillioidest0pathogen
- Outcome
- Severity ratinge1
- Value
- 4–10 %e0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Bpw + Bsd, Bsd, Fungicide, Pw + Sd, Bsd + Fv, Bsd + Fungicide, Bpw + Bsd + Fungicide, Bpw + Fv, Bpw + Bsd + Fv and Fungicide + Fv scored 4–10 %”
t0“Fusarium verticillioides Sacc. causing ear rot in Zea mays L.”
e1“Severity rating for control and Pw was 11–25 %”
Claim · model-written summary
Fungicide plus pathogen had 4–10% severity.
- Treatment
- Fungicide + Fve0
- Interactor
- Fusarium verticillioidesFusarium verticillioidest0pathogen
- Outcome
- Severity ratinge1
- Value
- 4–10 %e0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Bpw + Bsd, Bsd, Fungicide, Pw + Sd, Bsd + Fv, Bsd + Fungicide, Bpw + Bsd + Fungicide, Bpw + Fv, Bpw + Bsd + Fv and Fungicide + Fv scored 4–10 %”
t0“Fusarium verticillioides Sacc. causing ear rot in Zea mays L.”
e1“Severity rating for control and Pw was 11–25 %”
Claim · model-written summary
The untreated control had 11–25% severity.
- Interactor
- Fusarium verticillioidesFusarium verticillioidest0pathogen
- Outcome
- Severity ratinge0
- Value
- 11–25 %e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Severity rating for control and Pw was 11–25 %”
t0“Fusarium verticillioides Sacc. causing ear rot in Zea mays L.”
Claim · model-written summary
Poultry faecal waste treatment had 11–25% severity.
- Treatment
- Pwe0
- Interactor
- Fusarium verticillioidesFusarium verticillioidest0pathogen
- Outcome
- Severity ratinge0
- Value
- 11–25 %e0
- Comparator
- controle0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Severity rating for control and Pw was 11–25 %”
t0“Fusarium verticillioides Sacc. causing ear rot in Zea mays L.”
Claim · model-written summary
Pathogen-only treatment had 26–50% severity.
- Treatment
- Fve0
- Interactor
- Fusarium verticillioidesFusarium verticillioidest0pathogen
- Outcome
- ear rott0
- Value
- 26–50 %e0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“while Fv was 26–50 %”
t0“Fusarium verticillioides Sacc. causing ear rot in Zea mays L.”
Claim · model-written summary
Poultry faecal waste significantly affected maize growth characters compared with other treatments.
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Poultry faecal waste and Bpw based treatments recorded significant impact on growth characters across varying concentrations compared to other treatments”
t0“Fusarium verticillioides Sacc. causing ear rot in Zea mays L.”
Claim · model-written summary
Poultry faecal waste biochar treatments significantly affected maize growth characters compared with other treatments.
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Poultry faecal waste and Bpw based treatments recorded significant impact on growth characters across varying concentrations compared to other treatments”
t0“Fusarium verticillioides Sacc. causing ear rot in Zea mays L.”
Claim · model-written summary
Poultry faecal waste biochar could be used as a soil amendment for Fusarium ear rot management.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Poultry faecal waste biochar and sawdust biochar were effective in the management of Fusarium ear rot of maize and could be used as soil amendments”
Claim · model-written summary
Sawdust biochar could be used as a soil amendment for Fusarium ear rot management.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Poultry faecal waste biochar and sawdust biochar were effective in the management of Fusarium ear rot of maize and could be used as soil amendments”
The same questions in other papers
fungicide · Fusarium verticillioides · Zea mays (maize)Results agree
5 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
2 papers more in this group
See all 6 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.