Abstract
Casein kinase 1 (CK1) family members are conserved Ser/Thr protein kinases that regulate important developmental processes in all eukaryotic organisms. However, the functions of CK1 in plant immunity remain largely unknown. Barley yellow striate mosaic virus (BYSMV), a plant cytorhabdovirus, infects cereal crops and is obligately transmitted by the small brown planthopper (SBPH; Laodelphax striatellus). The BYSMV phosphoprotein (P) exists as two forms with different mobilities corresponding to 42 kD (P42) and 44 kD (P44) in SDS-PAGE gels. Mass spectrometric analyses revealed a highly phosphorylated serine-rich (SR) motif at the C-terminal intrinsically disordered region of the P protein. The Ala-substitution mutant (PS5A) in the SR motif stimulated virus replication, whereas the phosphorylation-mimic mutant (PS5D) facilitated virus transcription. Furthermore, PS5A and PS5D associated preferentially with nucleocapsid protein–RNA templates and the large polymerase protein to provide optimal replication and transcription complexes, respectively. Biochemistry assays demonstrated that plant and insect CK1 protein kinases could phosphorylate the SR motif and induce conformational changes from P42 to P44. Moreover, overexpression of CK1 or a dominant-negative mutant impaired the balance between P42 and P44, thereby compromising virus infections. Our results demonstrate that BYSMV recruits the conserved CK1 kinases to achieve its cross-kingdom infection in host plants and insect vectors.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
The PS5A mutant of the BYSMV phosphoprotein stimulated virus replication.
- Taxon
- cereal cropse1
- Treatment
- Ala-substitution mutant (PS5A) in the SR motife2
- Interactor
- Barley yellow striate mosaic virusCytorhabdovirus hordeie1pathogen
- Outcome
- virus replicatione2
- Direction
- stimulatede2
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e1“Barley yellow striate mosaic virus (BYSMV), a plant cytorhabdovirus, infects cereal crops”
e2“The Ala-substitution mutant (PS5A) in the SR motif stimulated virus replication”
Claim · model-written summary
The PS5D mutant of the BYSMV phosphoprotein facilitated virus transcription.
- Taxon
- cereal cropse1
- Treatment
- phosphorylation-mimic mutant (PS5D)e3
- Interactor
- Barley yellow striate mosaic virusCytorhabdovirus hordeie1pathogen
- Outcome
- virus transcriptione3
- Direction
- facilitatede3
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e1“Barley yellow striate mosaic virus (BYSMV), a plant cytorhabdovirus, infects cereal crops”
e3“the phosphorylation-mimic mutant (PS5D) facilitated virus transcription”
Claim · model-written summary
PS5A and PS5D associated preferentially with the large polymerase protein.
- Taxon
- cereal cropse1
- Interactor
- Barley yellow striate mosaic virusCytorhabdovirus hordeie1pathogen
- Gene
- large polymerase proteine4
- Outcome
- associated preferentiallye4
Not reportedDirection
Verbatim
e1“Barley yellow striate mosaic virus (BYSMV), a plant cytorhabdovirus, infects cereal crops”
e4“PS5A and PS5D associated preferentially with nucleocapsid protein–RNA templates and the large polymerase protein”
Claim · model-written summary
Mass spectrometry revealed a highly phosphorylated serine-rich motif in the C-terminal region of the BYSMV phosphoprotein.
- Taxon
- cereal cropse1
- Interactor
- Barley yellow striate mosaic virusCytorhabdovirus hordeie1pathogen
- Outcome
- highly phosphorylated serine-rich (SR) motife5
Verbatim
e1“Barley yellow striate mosaic virus (BYSMV), a plant cytorhabdovirus, infects cereal crops”
e5“Mass spectrometric analyses revealed a highly phosphorylated serine-rich (SR) motif”
Claim · model-written summary
The BYSMV phosphoprotein exists as two forms with different mobilities, 42 kD (P42) and 44 kD (P44), in SDS-PAGE.
- Taxon
- cereal cropse1
- Interactor
- Barley yellow striate mosaic virusCytorhabdovirus hordeie1pathogen
- Outcome
- two forms with different mobilitiese6
- Value
- 42 kD (P42) and 44 kD (P44)e6
Verbatim
e1“Barley yellow striate mosaic virus (BYSMV), a plant cytorhabdovirus, infects cereal crops”
e6“The BYSMV phosphoprotein (P) exists as two forms with different mobilities corresponding to 42 kD (P42) and 44 kD (P44) in SDS-PAGE gels”
Claim · model-written summary
Plant and insect CK1 protein kinases could phosphorylate the BYSMV SR motif.
- Taxon
- cereal cropse1
- Interactor
- Barley yellow striate mosaic virusCytorhabdovirus hordeie1pathogen
- Gene
- CK1e7
- Outcome
- phosphorylate the SR motife7
Verbatim
e1“Barley yellow striate mosaic virus (BYSMV), a plant cytorhabdovirus, infects cereal crops”
e7“Biochemistry assays demonstrated that plant and insect CK1 protein kinases could phosphorylate the SR motif and induce conformational changes from P42 to P44”
Claim · model-written summary
CK1 phosphorylation of the SR motif induced conformational changes from P42 to P44.
- Taxon
- cereal cropse1
- Interactor
- Barley yellow striate mosaic virusCytorhabdovirus hordeie1pathogen
- Outcome
- conformational changes from P42 to P44e7
Verbatim
e1“Barley yellow striate mosaic virus (BYSMV), a plant cytorhabdovirus, infects cereal crops”
e7“Biochemistry assays demonstrated that plant and insect CK1 protein kinases could phosphorylate the SR motif and induce conformational changes from P42 to P44”
Claim · model-written summary
Overexpression of CK1 impaired the balance between P42 and P44 in host plants.
- Taxon
- cereal cropse1
- Treatment
- overexpression of CK1e0
- Interactor
- Barley yellow striate mosaic virusCytorhabdovirus hordeie1pathogen
- Gene
- CK1e0
- Outcome
- the balance between P42 and P44e0
- Direction
- impairede0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e1“Barley yellow striate mosaic virus (BYSMV), a plant cytorhabdovirus, infects cereal crops”
e0“overexpression of CK1 or a dominant-negative mutant impaired the balance between P42 and P44, thereby compromising virus infections”
Claim · model-written summary
Overexpression of CK1 compromised BYSMV infection of host plants.
- Taxon
- cereal cropse1
- Treatment
- overexpression of CK1e0
- Interactor
- Barley yellow striate mosaic virusCytorhabdovirus hordeie1pathogen
- Outcome
- virus infectionse0
- Direction
- compromisinge0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e1“Barley yellow striate mosaic virus (BYSMV), a plant cytorhabdovirus, infects cereal crops”
e0“overexpression of CK1 or a dominant-negative mutant impaired the balance between P42 and P44, thereby compromising virus infections”