Abstract
Parastagonospora nodorum is an important fungal pathogen that causes Septoria nodorum blotch (SNB) in wheat. This pathogen produces several necrotrophic effectors that act as virulence factors; three have been cloned, SnToxA, SnTox1, and SnTox3. In this study, P. nodorum and its sister species P. avenaria f. tritici (Pat1) were isolated from wheat node and grain samples collected from distanced sites in western Canada during 2018. The presence of effector genes and associated haplotypes were determined by PCR and sequence analysis. An internal transcribed spacer-restriction fragment length polymorphism test was developed to distinguish between leaf spotting pathogens (P. nodorum, Pat1, Pyrenophora tritici-repentis, and Bipolaris sorokiniana). P. nodorum was mainly recovered from wheat nodes and to a lesser extent from the grains, while Pat1 was exclusively isolated from grain samples. The effector genes were present in almost all P. nodorum isolates, with the ToxA haplotype 5 (H5) being most prevalent, while a novel ToxA haplotype (denoted here H21) is reported for the first time. In Pat1, only combinations of SnTox1 and SnTox3 genes were present. A ToxA haplotype network was also constructed to assess the evolutionary relationship among globally found haplotypes to date. Finally, cultivars representing wheat development in Canada for the last century were tested for sensitivity to Sn-effectors and to the presence of Tsn1, the ToxA sensitivity gene. Of tested cultivars, 32.9 and 56.9% were sensitive to SnTox1 and SnTox3, respectively, and Tsn1 was present in 59% of the cultivars. In conclusion, P. nodorum and Pat1 were prevalent wheat pathogens in Canada with a potential tissue-specific colonization capacity, while producing necrotrophic effectors to which wheat is sensitive.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
P. nodorum was recovered mainly from wheat nodes and less from grain.
- Taxon
- P. nodorum
Parastagonospora nodorume0 - Organ / stage
- wheat nodese0
- Outcome
- recovered from wheat nodese0
- Direction
- mainlye0
- Qualifier
- to a lesser extent from the grainse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“P. nodorum was mainly recovered from wheat nodes and to a lesser extent from the grains, while Pat1 was exclusively isolated from grain samples.”
Claim · model-written summary
Pat1 was isolated exclusively from wheat grain samples.
Verbatim
e0“P. nodorum was mainly recovered from wheat nodes and to a lesser extent from the grains, while Pat1 was exclusively isolated from grain samples.”
Claim · model-written summary
Effector genes occurred in almost all P. nodorum isolates.
- Taxon
- P. nodorumParastagonospora nodorume0
- Outcome
- effector genes were presente0
- Qualifier
- almost all P. nodorum isolatese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The effector genes were present in almost all P. nodorum isolates, with the ToxA haplotype 5 (H5) being most prevalent, while a novel ToxA haplotype (denoted here H21) is reported for the first time.”
Claim · model-written summary
ToxA haplotype 5 was most prevalent.
- Taxon
- P. nodorumParastagonospora nodorume0
- Gene
- ToxAe0
- Outcome
- haplotype 5 (H5) being most prevalente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The effector genes were present in almost all P. nodorum isolates, with the ToxA haplotype 5 (H5) being most prevalent, while a novel ToxA haplotype (denoted here H21) is reported for the first time.”
Claim · model-written summary
A novel ToxA H21 haplotype was reported.
- Taxon
- P. nodorumParastagonospora nodorume0
- Gene
- ToxAe0
- Outcome
- novel ToxA haplotype (denoted here H21)e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The effector genes were present in almost all P. nodorum isolates, with the ToxA haplotype 5 (H5) being most prevalent, while a novel ToxA haplotype (denoted here H21) is reported for the first time.”
Claim · model-written summary
Pat1 carried only combinations of SnTox1 and SnTox3.
Verbatim
e0“In Pat1, only combinations of SnTox1 and SnTox3 genes were present.”
Claim · model-written summary
32.9 of tested wheat cultivars were sensitive to SnTox1.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Of tested cultivars, 32.9 and 56.9% were sensitive to SnTox1 and SnTox3, respectively, and Tsn1 was present in 59% of the cultivars.”
e7“cultivars representing wheat development in Canada”
Claim · model-written summary
56.9% of tested wheat cultivars were sensitive to SnTox3.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivume7 - Material
- cultivarse0
- Gene
- SnTox3e0
- Outcome
- sensitive to SnTox1 and SnTox3e0
- Value
- 56.9%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Of tested cultivars, 32.9 and 56.9% were sensitive to SnTox1 and SnTox3, respectively, and Tsn1 was present in 59% of the cultivars.”
e7“cultivars representing wheat development in Canada”
Claim · model-written summary
Tsn1 was present in 59% of tested cultivars.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Of tested cultivars, 32.9 and 56.9% were sensitive to SnTox1 and SnTox3, respectively, and Tsn1 was present in 59% of the cultivars.”
e7“cultivars representing wheat development in Canada”