Abstract
Abstract Fluazaindolizine is a novel sulfonamide nematicide that is the active ingredient (a.i.) of Salibro™, a.i. Reklemel™. Its compatibility with Pasteuria penetrans , a bacterial parasite of root-knot nematodes ( Meloidogyne spp.), was investigated in populations of M. javanica and M. incognita . Spores of a single P. penetrans isolate ( Pp 3) or a blend of six isolates were incubated in the suspensions of fluazaindolizine (Salibro TM 500SC, at 5, 50, and 250 ppm a.i.) and oxamyl (Vydate™ 10 L, 10% (a.i.) at 25 and 50 ppm a.i.) for 1, 7, and 21 days; controls were incubated in water. Thereafter, the suspensions were washed through a cellulose filter (3 µm) so as to remove the nematicide, and the spores retained on the filter were suspended in water. Juveniles (J2) were exposed in these spore suspensions in Petri dishes and the number of attached spores was recorded. Neither fluazaindolizine nor oxamyl, at all the tested dosages, had any negative effect on the rate of spore attachment. The spore encumbered J2 from some experiments were used to infect tomatoes. Females without egg masses were extracted from the roots after 50 days and checked for eggs in ovaries and mature spores of P. penetrans . Despite no mature spores present in the females, there was evidence of a low percentage of infection in a few treatments. A possible explanation is that since the bacterium had been kept stored in the form of dried roots for a long period, its ability to infect nematodes was decreased.
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Claims 2
Claim · model-written summary
Fluazaindolizine and oxamyl at all tested dosages had no negative effect on the rate of Pasteuria penetrans spore attachment to Meloidogyne juveniles.
- Taxon
- tomatoes
Solanum lycopersicume2 - Treatment
- fluazaindolizine (Salibro TM 500SC, at 5, 50, and 250 ppm a.i.)e3
- Interactor
- Pasteuria penetransPasteuria penetranse6biocontrol_agent
- Second interactor
- M. javanicaMeloidogyne javanicae5pest
- Outcome
- rate of spore attachmente1
- Direction
- no_changeinferrede1
- Comparator
- controlse4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Neither fluazaindolizine nor oxamyl, at all the tested dosages, had any negative effect on the rate of spore attachment”
e2“used to infect tomatoes”
e3“fluazaindolizine (Salibro TM 500SC, at 5, 50, and 250 ppm a.i.)”
e4“controls were incubated in water”
e5“populations of M. javanica and M. incognita”
e6“Pasteuria penetrans , a bacterial parasite of root-knot nematodes”
Claim · model-written summary
A low percentage of Pasteuria penetrans infection was evident in tomato in a few treatments, although no mature spores were present in the females.
- Taxon
- tomatoesSolanum lycopersicume2
- Interactor
- Pasteuria penetransPasteuria penetranse6biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- low percentage of infectione7
- Qualifier
- in a few treatmentse7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“used to infect tomatoes”
e6“Pasteuria penetrans , a bacterial parasite of root-knot nematodes”
e7“Despite no mature spores present in the females, there was evidence of a low percentage of infection in a few treatments”