Abstract
This study aims to elucidate the relationship between the larval armyworm Spodoptera litura F. population density (0, 2, 4, and 6 per plant) with leaf damage level and yield loss in three soybean varieties, Anjasmoro, Argomulyo, and Grobogan. S. litura larvae were introduced both in the plant’s vegetative phase (20 and 30 days after planting) and its generative phase. This research used a split-plot design with the varieties as the main plots and the larval population as the subplot, with five replications. The results showed that the highest leafdamage was in the Anjasmoro, 6.5% to 8.87% in the vegetative phase and 6.95-7.81% in the generative phase. Meanwhile, Argomulyo had 5.96% to 6.68% and 5.78% to 6.39% of damage in both phases, and Grobogan was less susceptible, with 5.90% to 5.98% and 5.28% to 6.17% at the vegetative phase and generative phase, respectively. The highest decline in seed yield was in Argomulyo (0.81% and 0.79% in the vegetative and generative phase) and the lowest was Anjasmoro (0.66% and 0.64% in the vegetative and generative phase). For the population density, the highest level of soybean varieties seed yield loss in South Sulawesi was with 6 larvae per plant, which was at 23.44% in the vegetative phase and 23.48% in the generative phase. Among the varieties, the highest of seed yield loss was with Argomulyo (14.93%) and the lowest at Anjasmoro (11.30%). It can be concluded that the relationship between the S. litura larvae population density and the decrease of seed yield is quite strong (90.2% to 96.4% for vegetative phase and 94.8% to 96.4% for generative phase).
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
Anjasmoro had the highest leaf damage in the vegetative phase, 6.5% to 8.87%.
- Taxon
- soybean
Glycine maxe1 - Material
- Anjasmoroe2
- Organ / stage
- vegetative phasee2
- Interactor
- Spodoptera litura
Spodoptera liturae1pest - Outcome
- leafdamagee2
- Direction
- higheste2
- Value
- 6.5% to 8.87%e2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“the relationship between the larval armyworm Spodoptera litura F. population density (0, 2, 4, and 6 per plant) with leaf damage level and yield loss in three soybean varieties, Anjasmoro, Argomulyo, and Grobogan”
e2“The results showed that the highest leafdamage was in the Anjasmoro, 6.5% to 8.87% in the vegetative phase and 6.95-7.81% in the generative phase”
Claim · model-written summary
Anjasmoro had the highest leaf damage in the generative phase, 6.95-7.81%.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe1
- Material
- Anjasmoroe2
- Organ / stage
- generative phasee2
- Interactor
- Spodoptera lituraSpodoptera liturae1pest
- Outcome
- leafdamagee2
- Direction
- higheste2
- Value
- 6.95-7.81%e2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“the relationship between the larval armyworm Spodoptera litura F. population density (0, 2, 4, and 6 per plant) with leaf damage level and yield loss in three soybean varieties, Anjasmoro, Argomulyo, and Grobogan”
e2“The results showed that the highest leafdamage was in the Anjasmoro, 6.5% to 8.87% in the vegetative phase and 6.95-7.81% in the generative phase”
Claim · model-written summary
Argomulyo had leaf damage of 5.96% to 6.68% and 5.78% to 6.39% in both phases.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe1
- Material
- Argomulyoe3
- Organ / stage
- both phasese3
- Interactor
- Spodoptera lituraSpodoptera liturae1pest
- Outcome
- damagee3
- Value
- 5.96% to 6.68% and 5.78% to 6.39%e3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“the relationship between the larval armyworm Spodoptera litura F. population density (0, 2, 4, and 6 per plant) with leaf damage level and yield loss in three soybean varieties, Anjasmoro, Argomulyo, and Grobogan”
e3“Meanwhile, Argomulyo had 5.96% to 6.68% and 5.78% to 6.39% of damage in both phases”
Claim · model-written summary
Grobogan was less susceptible, with leaf damage of 5.90% to 5.98% and 5.28% to 6.17% in the vegetative and generative phases.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe1
- Material
- Grobogane4
- Organ / stage
- vegetative phase and generative phasee4
- Interactor
- Spodoptera lituraSpodoptera liturae1pest
- Outcome
- susceptiblee4
- Direction
- less susceptiblee4
- Value
- 5.90% to 5.98% and 5.28% to 6.17%e4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“the relationship between the larval armyworm Spodoptera litura F. population density (0, 2, 4, and 6 per plant) with leaf damage level and yield loss in three soybean varieties, Anjasmoro, Argomulyo, and Grobogan”
e4“and Grobogan was less susceptible, with 5.90% to 5.98% and 5.28% to 6.17% at the vegetative phase and generative phase, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Argomulyo had the highest seed yield decline, 0.81% and 0.79% in the vegetative and generative phases.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe1
- Material
- Argomulyoe5
- Organ / stage
- vegetative and generative phasee5
- Interactor
- Spodoptera lituraSpodoptera liturae1pest
- Outcome
- decline in seed yielde5
- Direction
- higheste5
- Value
- 0.81% and 0.79%e5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“the relationship between the larval armyworm Spodoptera litura F. population density (0, 2, 4, and 6 per plant) with leaf damage level and yield loss in three soybean varieties, Anjasmoro, Argomulyo, and Grobogan”
e5“The highest decline in seed yield was in Argomulyo (0.81% and 0.79% in the vegetative and generative phase) and the lowest was Anjasmoro (0.66% and 0.64% in the vegetative and generative phase)”
Claim · model-written summary
Anjasmoro had the lowest seed yield decline, 0.66% and 0.64% in the vegetative and generative phases.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe1
- Material
- Anjasmoroe5
- Organ / stage
- vegetative and generative phasee5
- Interactor
- Spodoptera lituraSpodoptera liturae1pest
- Outcome
- decline in seed yielde5
- Direction
- loweste5
- Value
- 0.66% and 0.64%e5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“the relationship between the larval armyworm Spodoptera litura F. population density (0, 2, 4, and 6 per plant) with leaf damage level and yield loss in three soybean varieties, Anjasmoro, Argomulyo, and Grobogan”
e5“The highest decline in seed yield was in Argomulyo (0.81% and 0.79% in the vegetative and generative phase) and the lowest was Anjasmoro (0.66% and 0.64% in the vegetative and generative phase)”
Claim · model-written summary
Six larvae per plant caused the highest seed yield loss, 23.44%, in the vegetative phase.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe1
- Organ / stage
- vegetative phasee6
- Treatment
- 6 larvae per plante6
- Interactor
- Spodoptera lituraSpodoptera liturae1pest
- Outcome
- seed yield losse6
- Direction
- higheste6
- Value
- 23.44%e6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“the relationship between the larval armyworm Spodoptera litura F. population density (0, 2, 4, and 6 per plant) with leaf damage level and yield loss in three soybean varieties, Anjasmoro, Argomulyo, and Grobogan”
e6“For the population density, the highest level of soybean varieties seed yield loss in South Sulawesi was with 6 larvae per plant, which was at 23.44% in the vegetative phase and 23.48% in the generative phase”
Claim · model-written summary
Six larvae per plant caused the highest seed yield loss, 23.48%, in the generative phase.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe1
- Organ / stage
- generative phasee6
- Treatment
- 6 larvae per plante6
- Interactor
- Spodoptera lituraSpodoptera liturae1pest
- Outcome
- seed yield losse6
- Direction
- higheste6
- Value
- 23.48%e6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“the relationship between the larval armyworm Spodoptera litura F. population density (0, 2, 4, and 6 per plant) with leaf damage level and yield loss in three soybean varieties, Anjasmoro, Argomulyo, and Grobogan”
e6“For the population density, the highest level of soybean varieties seed yield loss in South Sulawesi was with 6 larvae per plant, which was at 23.44% in the vegetative phase and 23.48% in the generative phase”
Claim · model-written summary
Argomulyo had the highest seed yield loss among the varieties, 14.93%.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe1
- Material
- Argomulyoe7
- Interactor
- Spodoptera lituraSpodoptera liturae1pest
- Outcome
- seed yield losse7
- Direction
- higheste7
- Value
- 14.93%e7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“the relationship between the larval armyworm Spodoptera litura F. population density (0, 2, 4, and 6 per plant) with leaf damage level and yield loss in three soybean varieties, Anjasmoro, Argomulyo, and Grobogan”
e7“Among the varieties, the highest of seed yield loss was with Argomulyo (14.93%) and the lowest at Anjasmoro (11.30%)”
Claim · model-written summary
Anjasmoro had the lowest seed yield loss among the varieties, 11.30%.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe1
- Material
- Anjasmoroe7
- Interactor
- Spodoptera lituraSpodoptera liturae1pest
- Outcome
- seed yield losse7
- Direction
- loweste7
- Value
- 11.30%e7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“the relationship between the larval armyworm Spodoptera litura F. population density (0, 2, 4, and 6 per plant) with leaf damage level and yield loss in three soybean varieties, Anjasmoro, Argomulyo, and Grobogan”
e7“Among the varieties, the highest of seed yield loss was with Argomulyo (14.93%) and the lowest at Anjasmoro (11.30%)”
Claim · model-written summary
Larval population density of S. litura is strongly related to the decrease of seed yield in the vegetative phase, 90.2% to 96.4%.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe1
- Organ / stage
- vegetative phasee4
- Treatment
- S. litura larvae population densitye4
- Interactor
- S. lituraSpodoptera liturae4pest
- Outcome
- decrease of seed yielde4
- Value
- 90.2% to 96.4%e4
- Qualifier
- quite stronge4
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“the relationship between the larval armyworm Spodoptera litura F. population density (0, 2, 4, and 6 per plant) with leaf damage level and yield loss in three soybean varieties, Anjasmoro, Argomulyo, and Grobogan”
e4“the relationship between the S. litura larvae population density and the decrease of seed yield is quite strong (90.2% to 96.4% for vegetative phase and 94.8% to 96.4% for generative phase)”
Claim · model-written summary
Larval population density of S. litura is strongly related to the decrease of seed yield in the generative phase, 94.8% to 96.4%.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe1
- Organ / stage
- generative phasee4
- Treatment
- S. litura larvae population densitye4
- Interactor
- S. lituraSpodoptera liturae4pest
- Outcome
- decrease of seed yielde4
- Value
- 94.8% to 96.4%e4
- Qualifier
- quite stronge4
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“the relationship between the larval armyworm Spodoptera litura F. population density (0, 2, 4, and 6 per plant) with leaf damage level and yield loss in three soybean varieties, Anjasmoro, Argomulyo, and Grobogan”
e4“the relationship between the S. litura larvae population density and the decrease of seed yield is quite strong (90.2% to 96.4% for vegetative phase and 94.8% to 96.4% for generative phase)”