Abstract
Paenibacillus polymyxa bacterium has been known as a biocontrol agent (BCA) for various plant diseases, and it promotes the growth of several treated plants. On the other hand, Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo) is an important bacterial pathogen that causes bacterial leaf blight (BLB) to rice plants, and cause high yield loss during the growing season. In this study, P. polymyxa SX3 inhibited the in vitro growth of Xoo by 80% and affected the biofilm formation. Also, the cell membrane of Xoo lost its permeability after treating it with culture filtrate of P. polymyxa at its MIC (40%). Transmission electron microscopic (TEM) observations showed an influence of the culture filtrate of P. polymyxa on the cell morphology of Xoo. Applying P. polymyxa decreased the severity of bacterial leaf blight on rice seedlings to 4.9%, compared to 42.5% of the control. Moreover, this strain also improved the growth parameters of the rice seedlings significantly by increasing the shoot length, root length, fresh and dry weight by 166.7%, 168.2%, 100%, and 255.6%; respectively, compared to the positive control (Xoo only). Three antimicrobial related genes; pmxB, pmxD, and Fusdel were detected in P. polymyxa SX3 using nine specific gene markers. The aims of the study were to investigate the impact of P. polymyxa SX3 on in vitro growth of Xoo, in vivo growth of the rice seedlings in the greenhouse, and to detect the presence of related antimicrobial genes.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
P. polymyxa SX3 inhibited in vitro Xoo growth by 80%.
- Taxon
- rice seedlings
Oryza sativat0 - Treatment
- P. polymyxa SX3e0
- Interactor
- Xooe0pathogen
- Second interactor
- P. polymyxa SX3
Paenibacillus polymyxae0biocontrol_agent - Outcome
- in vitro growth of Xooe0
- Direction
- inhibitede0
- Value
- 80%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“rice seedlings”
e0“P. polymyxa SX3 inhibited the in vitro growth of Xoo by 80% and affected the biofilm formation.”
Claim · model-written summary
P. polymyxa SX3 affected Xoo biofilm formation.
- Taxon
- rice seedlingsOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- P. polymyxa SX3e0
- Interactor
- Xooe0pathogen
- Second interactor
- P. polymyxa SX3Paenibacillus polymyxae0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- biofilm formatione0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“rice seedlings”
e0“P. polymyxa SX3 inhibited the in vitro growth of Xoo by 80% and affected the biofilm formation.”
Claim · model-written summary
P. polymyxa culture filtrate at its MIC caused Xoo cell membrane permeability loss.
- Taxon
- rice seedlingsOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- culture filtrate of P. polymyxa at its MIC (40%)e0
- Interactor
- Xooe0pathogen
- Second interactor
- P. polymyxaPaenibacillus polymyxae0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- cell membrane of Xooe0
- Direction
- lost its permeabilitye0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“rice seedlings”
e0“the cell membrane of Xoo lost its permeability after treating it with culture filtrate of P. polymyxa at its MIC (40%).”
Claim · model-written summary
P. polymyxa culture filtrate influenced Xoo cell morphology.
- Taxon
- rice seedlingsOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- culture filtrate of P. polymyxae0
- Interactor
- Xooe0pathogen
- Second interactor
- P. polymyxaPaenibacillus polymyxae0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- cell morphology of Xooe0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“rice seedlings”
e0“Transmission electron microscopic (TEM) observations showed an influence of the culture filtrate of P. polymyxa on the cell morphology of Xoo.”
Claim · model-written summary
Applying P. polymyxa reduced bacterial leaf blight severity on rice seedlings to 4.9%, versus 42.5% in controls.
- Taxon
- rice seedlingsOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- Applying P. polymyxae0
- Interactor
- P. polymyxaPaenibacillus polymyxae0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- severity of bacterial leaf blighte0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Value
- 4.9%e0
- Qualifier
- 42.5%e0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Applying P. polymyxa decreased the severity of bacterial leaf blight on rice seedlings to 4.9%, compared to 42.5% of the control.”
Claim · model-written summary
The strain increased rice seedling shoot length by 166.7% versus Xoo only.
- Taxon
- rice seedlingsOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- Paenibacillus polymyxat0
- Interactor
- Xooe0pathogen
- Second interactor
- Paenibacillus polymyxaPaenibacillus polymyxat0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- shoot lengthe0
- Direction
- increasinge0
- Value
- 166.7%e0
- Comparator
- positive control (Xoo only)e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“this strain also improved the growth parameters of the rice seedlings significantly by increasing the shoot length, root length, fresh and dry weight by 166.7%, 168.2%, 100%, and 255.6%; respectively, compared to the positive control (Xoo only).”
t0“Paenibacillus polymyxa”
Claim · model-written summary
The strain increased rice seedling root length by 168.2% versus Xoo only.
- Taxon
- rice seedlingsOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- Paenibacillus polymyxat0
- Interactor
- Xooe0pathogen
- Second interactor
- Paenibacillus polymyxaPaenibacillus polymyxat0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- root lengthe0
- Direction
- increasinge0
- Value
- 168.2%e0
- Comparator
- positive control (Xoo only)e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“this strain also improved the growth parameters of the rice seedlings significantly by increasing the shoot length, root length, fresh and dry weight by 166.7%, 168.2%, 100%, and 255.6%; respectively, compared to the positive control (Xoo only).”
t0“Paenibacillus polymyxa”
Claim · model-written summary
The strain increased rice seedling fresh weight by 100% versus Xoo only.
- Taxon
- rice seedlingsOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- Paenibacillus polymyxat0
- Interactor
- Xooe0pathogen
- Second interactor
- Paenibacillus polymyxaPaenibacillus polymyxat0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- fresh and dry weighte0
- Direction
- increasinge0
- Value
- 100%e0
- Comparator
- positive control (Xoo only)e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“this strain also improved the growth parameters of the rice seedlings significantly by increasing the shoot length, root length, fresh and dry weight by 166.7%, 168.2%, 100%, and 255.6%; respectively, compared to the positive control (Xoo only).”
t0“Paenibacillus polymyxa”
Claim · model-written summary
The strain increased rice seedling dry weight by 255.6% versus Xoo only.
- Taxon
- rice seedlingsOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- Paenibacillus polymyxat0
- Interactor
- Xooe0pathogen
- Second interactor
- Paenibacillus polymyxaPaenibacillus polymyxat0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- dry weighte0
- Direction
- increasinge0
- Value
- 255.6%e0
- Comparator
- positive control (Xoo only)e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“this strain also improved the growth parameters of the rice seedlings significantly by increasing the shoot length, root length, fresh and dry weight by 166.7%, 168.2%, 100%, and 255.6%; respectively, compared to the positive control (Xoo only).”
t0“Paenibacillus polymyxa”
Claim · model-written summary
Three antimicrobial genes were detected in P. polymyxa SX3.
- Taxon
- rice seedlingsOryza sativat0
- Interactor
- P. polymyxa SX3Paenibacillus polymyxae0biocontrol_agent
- Gene
- pmxB, pmxD, and Fusdele0
- Outcome
- antimicrobial related genese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“rice seedlings”
e0“Three antimicrobial related genes; pmxB, pmxD, and Fusdel were detected in P. polymyxa SX3 using nine specific gene markers.”
The same questions in other papers
Paenibacillus polymyxa · growth · Oryza sativa (rice)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
Paenibacillus polymyxa · disease · Oryza sativa (rice)Results agree
2 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.