Abstract
A field experiment was conducted in Factorial Randomized Block Design during summer, 2016 at Instructional Farm, Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture, Junagadh Agricultural University, Junagadh, to study the “Effect of spacing, fertility levels and bio-fertilizers on growth and yield of summer greengram (Vigna radiata L. Wilczek)”. Twelve treatment combinations comprising of two spacing viz., S1= 30 cm x 10 cm and S2= 45 cm x 10 cm; three levels of fertilizer viz., F0= control, F1= 75 % RDF (15-30-00 kg N-P2O5-K2O ha-1) and F2= 100 % RDF (20-40-00 kg N-P2O5-K2O ha-1) and two levels of bio-fertilizers viz., B0= no inoculation of bio-fertilizers and B1= inoculation of Rhizobium + PSB @ 10 ml per kg seed were evaluated. The results revealed that greengram cultivar GM-4 performed better by recording higher number of branches per plant (3.17), dry matter accumulation per plant at both 30 DAS (7.19 g) and at harvest (14.91 g) and dry weight of root nodules per plant at both 30 DAS (2.25 g) and at harvest (3.41 g), number of pod per plant (26.44), length of pod (6.14 cm) and test weight (38.90 g) when sowing with 45 cm row spacing over 30 cm row spacing but seed yield (930 kg ha-1) and Stover yield (2151 kg ha-1) where recorded with 30 cm row spacing over 45 cm row spacing. Application of 100 % RDF recorded higher values for number of branches per plant (2.83), dry matter accumulation per plant at harvest (14.50 g) and dry weight of root nodules per plant at both 30 DAS (2.21 g) and at harvest (3.39 g), length of pod (6.19 cm) and test weight (39.35 g), seed yield (945 kg ha-1) and stover yield (1900 kg ha-1) over 75 % RDF and control. Inoculation of Rhizobium and PSB also improve growth and yield parameters. In general, for obtaining higher yields greengram variety GM-4 to be grown during summer season with 30 cm row spacing and fertilizing the crop with 100 % RDF (20-40-00 kg N-P2O5-K2O ha-1) with inoculation of Rhizobium and PSB.
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Claims 20
Claim · model-written summary
Greengram GM-4 at 45 cm row spacing recorded 3.17 for number of branches per plant.
- Taxon
- greengram
.jpg?width=60)
Vigna radiata var. radiatae0 - Material
- GM-4e0
- Treatment
- 45 cm row spacinge0
- Outcome
- number of branches per plante0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 3.17e0
- Comparator
- 30 cm row spacinge0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“The results revealed that greengram cultivar GM-4 performed better by recording higher number of branches per plant (3.17), dry matter accumulation per plant at both 30 DAS (7.19 g) and at harvest (14.91 g) and dry weight of root nodules per plant at both 30 DAS (2.25 g) and at harvest (3.41 g), number of pod per plant (26.44), length of pod (6.14 cm) and test weight (38.90 g) when sowing with 45 cm row spacing over 30 cm row spacing but seed yield (930 kg ha-1) and Stover yield (2151 kg ha-1) where recorded with 30 cm row spacing over 45 cm row spacing.”
Claim · model-written summary
Greengram GM-4 at 45 cm row spacing recorded 7.19 g for dry matter accumulation per plant at both 30 DAS.
- Taxon
- greengramVigna radiata var. radiatae0
- Material
- GM-4e0
- Treatment
- 45 cm row spacinge0
- Outcome
- dry matter accumulation per plant at both 30 DASe0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 7.19 ge0
- Comparator
- 30 cm row spacinge0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The results revealed that greengram cultivar GM-4 performed better by recording higher number of branches per plant (3.17), dry matter accumulation per plant at both 30 DAS (7.19 g) and at harvest (14.91 g) and dry weight of root nodules per plant at both 30 DAS (2.25 g) and at harvest (3.41 g), number of pod per plant (26.44), length of pod (6.14 cm) and test weight (38.90 g) when sowing with 45 cm row spacing over 30 cm row spacing but seed yield (930 kg ha-1) and Stover yield (2151 kg ha-1) where recorded with 30 cm row spacing over 45 cm row spacing.”
Claim · model-written summary
Greengram GM-4 at 45 cm row spacing recorded 14.91 g for at harvest.
- Taxon
- greengramVigna radiata var. radiatae0
- Material
- GM-4e0
- Treatment
- 45 cm row spacinge0
- Outcome
- at harveste0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 14.91 ge0
- Comparator
- 30 cm row spacinge0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The results revealed that greengram cultivar GM-4 performed better by recording higher number of branches per plant (3.17), dry matter accumulation per plant at both 30 DAS (7.19 g) and at harvest (14.91 g) and dry weight of root nodules per plant at both 30 DAS (2.25 g) and at harvest (3.41 g), number of pod per plant (26.44), length of pod (6.14 cm) and test weight (38.90 g) when sowing with 45 cm row spacing over 30 cm row spacing but seed yield (930 kg ha-1) and Stover yield (2151 kg ha-1) where recorded with 30 cm row spacing over 45 cm row spacing.”
Claim · model-written summary
Greengram GM-4 at 45 cm row spacing recorded 2.25 g for dry weight of root nodules per plant at both 30 DAS.
- Taxon
- greengramVigna radiata var. radiatae0
- Material
- GM-4e0
- Treatment
- 45 cm row spacinge0
- Outcome
- dry weight of root nodules per plant at both 30 DASe0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 2.25 ge0
- Comparator
- 30 cm row spacinge0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The results revealed that greengram cultivar GM-4 performed better by recording higher number of branches per plant (3.17), dry matter accumulation per plant at both 30 DAS (7.19 g) and at harvest (14.91 g) and dry weight of root nodules per plant at both 30 DAS (2.25 g) and at harvest (3.41 g), number of pod per plant (26.44), length of pod (6.14 cm) and test weight (38.90 g) when sowing with 45 cm row spacing over 30 cm row spacing but seed yield (930 kg ha-1) and Stover yield (2151 kg ha-1) where recorded with 30 cm row spacing over 45 cm row spacing.”
Claim · model-written summary
Greengram GM-4 at 45 cm row spacing recorded 3.41 g for at harvest.
- Taxon
- greengramVigna radiata var. radiatae0
- Material
- GM-4e0
- Treatment
- 45 cm row spacinge0
- Outcome
- at harveste0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 3.41 ge0
- Comparator
- 30 cm row spacinge0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The results revealed that greengram cultivar GM-4 performed better by recording higher number of branches per plant (3.17), dry matter accumulation per plant at both 30 DAS (7.19 g) and at harvest (14.91 g) and dry weight of root nodules per plant at both 30 DAS (2.25 g) and at harvest (3.41 g), number of pod per plant (26.44), length of pod (6.14 cm) and test weight (38.90 g) when sowing with 45 cm row spacing over 30 cm row spacing but seed yield (930 kg ha-1) and Stover yield (2151 kg ha-1) where recorded with 30 cm row spacing over 45 cm row spacing.”
Claim · model-written summary
Greengram GM-4 at 45 cm row spacing recorded 26.44 for number of pod per plant.
- Taxon
- greengramVigna radiata var. radiatae0
- Material
- GM-4e0
- Treatment
- 45 cm row spacinge0
- Outcome
- number of pod per plante0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 26.44e0
- Comparator
- 30 cm row spacinge0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The results revealed that greengram cultivar GM-4 performed better by recording higher number of branches per plant (3.17), dry matter accumulation per plant at both 30 DAS (7.19 g) and at harvest (14.91 g) and dry weight of root nodules per plant at both 30 DAS (2.25 g) and at harvest (3.41 g), number of pod per plant (26.44), length of pod (6.14 cm) and test weight (38.90 g) when sowing with 45 cm row spacing over 30 cm row spacing but seed yield (930 kg ha-1) and Stover yield (2151 kg ha-1) where recorded with 30 cm row spacing over 45 cm row spacing.”
Claim · model-written summary
Greengram GM-4 at 45 cm row spacing recorded 6.14 cm for length of pod.
- Taxon
- greengramVigna radiata var. radiatae0
- Material
- GM-4e0
- Treatment
- 45 cm row spacinge0
- Outcome
- length of pode0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 6.14 cme0
- Comparator
- 30 cm row spacinge0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The results revealed that greengram cultivar GM-4 performed better by recording higher number of branches per plant (3.17), dry matter accumulation per plant at both 30 DAS (7.19 g) and at harvest (14.91 g) and dry weight of root nodules per plant at both 30 DAS (2.25 g) and at harvest (3.41 g), number of pod per plant (26.44), length of pod (6.14 cm) and test weight (38.90 g) when sowing with 45 cm row spacing over 30 cm row spacing but seed yield (930 kg ha-1) and Stover yield (2151 kg ha-1) where recorded with 30 cm row spacing over 45 cm row spacing.”
Claim · model-written summary
Greengram GM-4 at 45 cm row spacing recorded 38.90 g for test weight.
- Taxon
- greengramVigna radiata var. radiatae0
- Material
- GM-4e0
- Treatment
- 45 cm row spacinge0
- Outcome
- test weighte0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 38.90 ge0
- Comparator
- 30 cm row spacinge0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The results revealed that greengram cultivar GM-4 performed better by recording higher number of branches per plant (3.17), dry matter accumulation per plant at both 30 DAS (7.19 g) and at harvest (14.91 g) and dry weight of root nodules per plant at both 30 DAS (2.25 g) and at harvest (3.41 g), number of pod per plant (26.44), length of pod (6.14 cm) and test weight (38.90 g) when sowing with 45 cm row spacing over 30 cm row spacing but seed yield (930 kg ha-1) and Stover yield (2151 kg ha-1) where recorded with 30 cm row spacing over 45 cm row spacing.”
Claim · model-written summary
Greengram GM-4 at 30 cm row spacing recorded 930 kg ha-1 for seed yield.
- Taxon
- greengramVigna radiata var. radiatae0
- Material
- GM-4e0
- Treatment
- 30 cm row spacinge0
- Outcome
- seed yielde0
- Value
- 930 kg ha-1e0
- Comparator
- 45 cm row spacinge0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The results revealed that greengram cultivar GM-4 performed better by recording higher number of branches per plant (3.17), dry matter accumulation per plant at both 30 DAS (7.19 g) and at harvest (14.91 g) and dry weight of root nodules per plant at both 30 DAS (2.25 g) and at harvest (3.41 g), number of pod per plant (26.44), length of pod (6.14 cm) and test weight (38.90 g) when sowing with 45 cm row spacing over 30 cm row spacing but seed yield (930 kg ha-1) and Stover yield (2151 kg ha-1) where recorded with 30 cm row spacing over 45 cm row spacing.”
Claim · model-written summary
Greengram GM-4 at 30 cm row spacing recorded 2151 kg ha-1 for Stover yield.
- Taxon
- greengramVigna radiata var. radiatae0
- Material
- GM-4e0
- Treatment
- 30 cm row spacinge0
- Outcome
- Stover yielde0
- Value
- 2151 kg ha-1e0
- Comparator
- 45 cm row spacinge0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The results revealed that greengram cultivar GM-4 performed better by recording higher number of branches per plant (3.17), dry matter accumulation per plant at both 30 DAS (7.19 g) and at harvest (14.91 g) and dry weight of root nodules per plant at both 30 DAS (2.25 g) and at harvest (3.41 g), number of pod per plant (26.44), length of pod (6.14 cm) and test weight (38.90 g) when sowing with 45 cm row spacing over 30 cm row spacing but seed yield (930 kg ha-1) and Stover yield (2151 kg ha-1) where recorded with 30 cm row spacing over 45 cm row spacing.”
Claim · model-written summary
Greengram given 100 % RDF had higher number of branches per plant, at 2.83, than lower fertilizer rates.
- Treatment
- 100 % RDFe0
- Outcome
- number of branches per plante0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 2.83e0
- Comparator
- 75 % RDF and controle0
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“Application of 100 % RDF recorded higher values for number of branches per plant (2.83), dry matter accumulation per plant at harvest (14.50 g) and dry weight of root nodules per plant at both 30 DAS (2.21 g) and at harvest (3.39 g), length of pod (6.19 cm) and test weight (39.35 g), seed yield (945 kg ha-1) and stover yield (1900 kg ha-1) over 75 % RDF and control.”
Claim · model-written summary
Greengram given 100 % RDF had higher dry matter accumulation per plant at harvest, at 14.50 g, than lower fertilizer rates.
- Treatment
- 100 % RDFe0
- Outcome
- dry matter accumulation per plant at harveste0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 14.50 ge0
- Comparator
- 75 % RDF and controle0
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“Application of 100 % RDF recorded higher values for number of branches per plant (2.83), dry matter accumulation per plant at harvest (14.50 g) and dry weight of root nodules per plant at both 30 DAS (2.21 g) and at harvest (3.39 g), length of pod (6.19 cm) and test weight (39.35 g), seed yield (945 kg ha-1) and stover yield (1900 kg ha-1) over 75 % RDF and control.”
Claim · model-written summary
Greengram given 100 % RDF had higher dry weight of root nodules per plant at both 30 DAS, at 2.21 g, than lower fertilizer rates.
- Treatment
- 100 % RDFe0
- Outcome
- dry weight of root nodules per plant at both 30 DASe0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 2.21 ge0
- Comparator
- 75 % RDF and controle0
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“Application of 100 % RDF recorded higher values for number of branches per plant (2.83), dry matter accumulation per plant at harvest (14.50 g) and dry weight of root nodules per plant at both 30 DAS (2.21 g) and at harvest (3.39 g), length of pod (6.19 cm) and test weight (39.35 g), seed yield (945 kg ha-1) and stover yield (1900 kg ha-1) over 75 % RDF and control.”
Claim · model-written summary
Greengram given 100 % RDF had higher at harvest, at 3.39 g, than lower fertilizer rates.
- Treatment
- 100 % RDFe0
- Outcome
- at harveste0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 3.39 ge0
- Comparator
- 75 % RDF and controle0
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“Application of 100 % RDF recorded higher values for number of branches per plant (2.83), dry matter accumulation per plant at harvest (14.50 g) and dry weight of root nodules per plant at both 30 DAS (2.21 g) and at harvest (3.39 g), length of pod (6.19 cm) and test weight (39.35 g), seed yield (945 kg ha-1) and stover yield (1900 kg ha-1) over 75 % RDF and control.”
Claim · model-written summary
Greengram given 100 % RDF had higher length of pod, at 6.19 cm, than lower fertilizer rates.
- Treatment
- 100 % RDFe0
- Outcome
- length of pode0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 6.19 cme0
- Comparator
- 75 % RDF and controle0
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“Application of 100 % RDF recorded higher values for number of branches per plant (2.83), dry matter accumulation per plant at harvest (14.50 g) and dry weight of root nodules per plant at both 30 DAS (2.21 g) and at harvest (3.39 g), length of pod (6.19 cm) and test weight (39.35 g), seed yield (945 kg ha-1) and stover yield (1900 kg ha-1) over 75 % RDF and control.”
Claim · model-written summary
Greengram given 100 % RDF had higher test weight, at 39.35 g, than lower fertilizer rates.
- Treatment
- 100 % RDFe0
- Outcome
- test weighte0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 39.35 ge0
- Comparator
- 75 % RDF and controle0
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“Application of 100 % RDF recorded higher values for number of branches per plant (2.83), dry matter accumulation per plant at harvest (14.50 g) and dry weight of root nodules per plant at both 30 DAS (2.21 g) and at harvest (3.39 g), length of pod (6.19 cm) and test weight (39.35 g), seed yield (945 kg ha-1) and stover yield (1900 kg ha-1) over 75 % RDF and control.”
Claim · model-written summary
Greengram given 100 % RDF had higher seed yield, at 945 kg ha-1, than lower fertilizer rates.
- Treatment
- 100 % RDFe0
- Outcome
- seed yielde0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 945 kg ha-1e0
- Comparator
- 75 % RDF and controle0
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“Application of 100 % RDF recorded higher values for number of branches per plant (2.83), dry matter accumulation per plant at harvest (14.50 g) and dry weight of root nodules per plant at both 30 DAS (2.21 g) and at harvest (3.39 g), length of pod (6.19 cm) and test weight (39.35 g), seed yield (945 kg ha-1) and stover yield (1900 kg ha-1) over 75 % RDF and control.”
Claim · model-written summary
Greengram given 100 % RDF had higher stover yield, at 1900 kg ha-1, than lower fertilizer rates.
- Treatment
- 100 % RDFe0
- Outcome
- stover yielde0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 1900 kg ha-1e0
- Comparator
- 75 % RDF and controle0
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“Application of 100 % RDF recorded higher values for number of branches per plant (2.83), dry matter accumulation per plant at harvest (14.50 g) and dry weight of root nodules per plant at both 30 DAS (2.21 g) and at harvest (3.39 g), length of pod (6.19 cm) and test weight (39.35 g), seed yield (945 kg ha-1) and stover yield (1900 kg ha-1) over 75 % RDF and control.”
Claim · model-written summary
Rhizobium and PSB inoculation improved greengram growth and yield parameters.
- Treatment
- Inoculation of Rhizobium and PSBe0
- Second interactor
- PSBe0symbiont
- Outcome
- growth and yield parameterse0
- Direction
- improvee0
RhizobiumNot reportedTaxonComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Inoculation of Rhizobium and PSB also improve growth and yield parameters.”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend growing GM-4 in summer at 30 cm row spacing with 100 % RDF and Rhizobium plus PSB inoculation for higher yields.
- Taxon
- greengramVigna radiata var. radiatae0
- Material
- GM-4e0
- Treatment
- 100 % RDF (20-40-00 kg N-P2O5-K2O ha-1)e0
- Second interactor
- PSBe0symbiont
- Outcome
- obtaining higher yieldse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In general, for obtaining higher yields greengram variety GM-4 to be grown during summer season with 30 cm row spacing and fertilizing the crop with 100 % RDF (20-40-00 kg N-P2O5-K2O ha-1) with inoculation of Rhizobium and PSB.”
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