Abstract
Chapter 1: This quantitative meta-analysis investigates the relationship between oviposition preference, larval mortality on trap crops, and trap crop success by examining two systems that have a large amount of data available for use in meta-analysis. We investigate trap cropping systems used for control of the diamondback moth (Plutella xylostella) and those used in the push-pull system in Kenya for control of stemborers (Chilo partellus), a key pest of maize. Our results suggest that survival on a trap crop relative to the cash crop is a more important indicator than oviposition preference for the trap crop relative to the cash crop for success of trap cropping systems. In the push-pull system, relative survival on the trap crop grass Brachiaria was lower than survival on Napier grass, oviposition preference for Napier grass was greater than for Brachiaria, and trap cropping systems with Brachiaria had lower damage to maize than Napier systems. For diamondback moth, relative to cabbage, yellow rocket (Barbarea vulgaris) was a less suitable host than Indian mustard (Brassica juncea) and collards (Brassica oleracea), and caused the greatest reduction of diamondback moth larval infestation on cabbage, although it did not attract the greatest oviposition by female moths. Previous research has primarily focused on oviposition preference to predict trap crop success. Our findings that survival on the trap crop is also a key component of success of trap cropping systems could help guide future trap cropping research. Chapter 2: In Chapter 1, we demonstrate that oviposition preference for, and larval mortality on trap crops are important factors for the success of trap cropping systems. Here, we evaluated Indian mustard (Brassica juncea) and yellow rocket (Barbarea vulgaris) as trap crops for protecting broccoli (Brassica oleracea) against diamondback moth (Plutella xylostella) in a typical commercial setting in Yuma, Arizona over two cropping periods. During the fall of 2018 and spring of 2019, we used a randomized block design experiment to compare broccoli infestations in plots transplanted with 100% broccoli, 10% or 20% yellow rocket, and 10% Indian mustard. In field choice tests, both yellow rocket and Indian mustard were highly preferred for oviposition over broccoli. Furthermore, the number of larvae was significantly lower on yellow rocket and Indian mustard relative to broccoli, suggesting higher larval mortality on the trap crops relative to broccoli. Nevertheless, during the fall and spring growing season, no significant reduction in the number of larvae on broccoli plants or proportion of broccoli crowns infested at harvest occurred in plots with trap crops relative to plots with 100% broccoli. Our results show that using these trap crops in the density and planting pattern we tested is ineffective for controlling diamondback moth in commercially grown broccoli in Yuma.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Survival on a trap crop relative to the cash crop is a more important indicator of trap cropping success than oviposition preference.
Verbatim
e1“Our results suggest that survival on a trap crop relative to the cash crop is a more important indicator than oviposition preference for the trap crop relative to the cash crop for success of trap cropping systems”
Claim · model-written summary
Relative survival on the Brachiaria trap crop was lower than on Napier grass in the push-pull system.
- Taxon
- Brachiaria
Brachiariae1 - Outcome
- relative survival on the trap crope1
- Direction
- lowere1
- Comparator
- Napier grasse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“In the push-pull system, relative survival on the trap crop grass Brachiaria was lower than survival on Napier grass”
Claim · model-written summary
Oviposition preference was greater for Napier grass than for Brachiaria.
- Taxon
- Napier grass
.jpg?width=60)
Cenchrus purpureuse1 - Outcome
- oviposition preferencee1
- Direction
- greatere1
- Comparator
- Brachiariae1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e1“oviposition preference for Napier grass was greater than for Brachiaria”
Claim · model-written summary
Trap cropping systems with Brachiaria had lower damage to maize than Napier systems.
- Treatment
- trap cropping systems with Brachiariae1
- Outcome
- damage to maizee1
- Direction
- lowere1
- Comparator
- Napier systemse1
Zea maysOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“trap cropping systems with Brachiaria had lower damage to maize than Napier systems”
Claim · model-written summary
Yellow rocket was a less suitable host for diamondback moth than Indian mustard and collards, relative to cabbage.
- Taxon
- Barbarea vulgaris
_Barbarea_vulgaris_-_Habit.jpg?width=60)
Barbarea vulgarise1 - Interactor
- diamondback moth
Plutella xylostellae1pest - Outcome
- suitable hoste1
- Direction
- less suitablee1
- Comparator
- Indian mustard (Brassica juncea) and collards (Brassica oleracea)e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_Barbarea_vulgaris_-_Habit.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e1“For diamondback moth, relative to cabbage, yellow rocket (Barbarea vulgaris) was a less suitable host than Indian mustard (Brassica juncea) and collards (Brassica oleracea), and caused the greatest reduction of diamondback moth larval infestation on cabbage, although it did not attract the greatest oviposition by female moths”
Claim · model-written summary
Yellow rocket caused the greatest reduction of diamondback moth larval infestation on cabbage.
- Taxon
- cabbage
Brassica oleracea var. capitatae1 - Treatment
- yellow rocket (Barbarea vulgaris)e1
- Interactor
- diamondback mothPlutella xylostellae1pest
- Outcome
- diamondback moth larval infestatione1
- Direction
- greatest reductione1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“For diamondback moth, relative to cabbage, yellow rocket (Barbarea vulgaris) was a less suitable host than Indian mustard (Brassica juncea) and collards (Brassica oleracea), and caused the greatest reduction of diamondback moth larval infestation on cabbage, although it did not attract the greatest oviposition by female moths”
Claim · model-written summary
Yellow rocket did not attract the greatest oviposition by female diamondback moths.
- Taxon
- Barbarea vulgarisBarbarea vulgarise1
- Interactor
- diamondback mothPlutella xylostellae1pest
- Outcome
- oviposition by female mothse1
- Direction
- did not attract the greateste1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“For diamondback moth, relative to cabbage, yellow rocket (Barbarea vulgaris) was a less suitable host than Indian mustard (Brassica juncea) and collards (Brassica oleracea), and caused the greatest reduction of diamondback moth larval infestation on cabbage, although it did not attract the greatest oviposition by female moths”
Claim · model-written summary
Yellow rocket and Indian mustard were highly preferred for oviposition over broccoli in field choice tests.
- Taxon
- yellow rocketBarbarea vulgarise1
- Outcome
- ovipositione1
- Direction
- highly preferrede1
- Comparator
- broccolie1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“In field choice tests, both yellow rocket and Indian mustard were highly preferred for oviposition over broccoli”
Claim · model-written summary
The number of larvae was significantly lower on yellow rocket and Indian mustard than on broccoli.
- Taxon
- broccoli
Brassica oleracea var. italicae1 - Treatment
- yellow rocket and Indian mustarde1
- Outcome
- the number of larvaee1
- Direction
- lowere1
- Comparator
- broccolie1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“the number of larvae was significantly lower on yellow rocket and Indian mustard relative to broccoli”
Claim · model-written summary
Trap crops gave no significant reduction in larvae on broccoli plants or in broccoli crowns infested at harvest, relative to 100% broccoli.
- Taxon
- broccoliBrassica oleracea var. italicae1
- Treatment
- trap cropse1
- Outcome
- number of larvae on broccoli plants or proportion of broccoli crowns infested at harveste1
- Direction
- no significant reductione1
- Comparator
- 100% broccolie1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“no significant reduction in the number of larvae on broccoli plants or proportion of broccoli crowns infested at harvest occurred in plots with trap crops relative to plots with 100% broccoli”
Claim · model-written summary
The trap crop density and planting pattern tested were ineffective for controlling diamondback moth in commercial broccoli in Yuma.
- Taxon
- broccoliBrassica oleracea var. italicae1
- Treatment
- using these trap crops in the density and planting pattern we testede1
- Interactor
- diamondback mothPlutella xylostellae1pest
- Outcome
- controlling diamondback mothe1
- Direction
- ineffectivee1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Our results show that using these trap crops in the density and planting pattern we tested is ineffective for controlling diamondback moth in commercially grown broccoli in Yuma”
The same questions in other papers
Barbarea vulgaris · Plutella xylostella · Brassica oleracea (wild cabbage)Positive and negative results
1 paper in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- negative
- positive
Barbarea vulgaris · pest · Brassica oleracea (wild cabbage)Positive and negative results
1 paper in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- positive
Brassica juncea · pest · Brassica oleracea (wild cabbage)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
cultivation system · pest · Zea mays (maize)Positive and negative results
1 paper in the same direction as this paper · 2 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- no effect
- positive
trap barrier · pest · Zea mays (maize)Positive and negative results
4 papers in the same direction as this paper · 2 in the opposite direction
- negative
- no effect
- positive
3 papers more in this group
See all 7 papers →trap barrier · Plutella xylostella · Brassica oleracea (wild cabbage)Positive and negative results
6 in the opposite direction
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- positive
- positive
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See all 7 papers →trap barrier · pest · Brassica oleracea (wild cabbage)Positive and negative results
22 reporting no difference from an alternative
- positive
- positive
- positive
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See all 23 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.