Abstract
The fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), is a new invasive species in India. This pest is occurring in serious proportions, causing significant damage to the maize crop in several states across the country. Insecticides are applied several times for managing the fall armyworm on maize, which significantly increases the cost of plant protection. In this study green chemistry molecules were directly applied to the leaf whorls in the form of poison baits, in the place of foliar sprays. Main objective of this study was to reduce the cost of plant protection by changing the method of chemical delivery and to make the produce safe for consumption by using green chemistry (slightly toxic) insecticides. Poison baits prepared using spinetoram 5 ml/kg, 2.5 ml/kg and novaluron 5 ml/kg recorded maximum larval mortality and minimized the leaf damage by fall armyworm. These insecticides contributed for 97.20, 93.15 and 92.46 per cent reduction in larval population over untreated control, respectively at 14 days after second application. Comparative efficacy of insecticide when applied as baits vis-a-vis foliar sprays suggested that the difference was non-significant in spinetoram, novaluron and chlorantraniliprole. There was substantial reduction in the cost of plant protection ranging from 22 to 44 per cent in bait application over foliar spray involving same insecticide. Overall, this study opens up new opportunity for reducing the cost of plant protection while managing fall armyworm on maze.
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Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
spinetoram 5 ml/kg reduced fall armyworm larvae by 97.20 versus untreated control.
- Treatment
- spinetoram 5 ml/kge0
- Interactor
- fall armyworm
.jpg?width=60)
Spodoptera frugiperdae0pest - Outcome
- larval populatione0
- Direction
- reductione0
- Value
- 97.20e0
- Comparator
- untreated controle0
Zea maysOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“spinetoram 5 ml/kg, 2.5 ml/kg and novaluron 5 ml/kg recorded maximum larval mortality and minimized the leaf damage by fall armyworm. These insecticides contributed for 97.20, 93.15 and 92.46 per cent reduction in larval population over untreated control, respectively at 14 days after second application”
e1“fall armyworm on maize”
Claim · model-written summary
2.5 ml/kg reduced fall armyworm larvae by 93.15 versus untreated control.
- Treatment
- 2.5 ml/kge0
- Interactor
- fall armywormSpodoptera frugiperdae0pest
- Outcome
- larval populatione0
- Direction
- reductione0
- Value
- 93.15e0
- Comparator
- untreated controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“spinetoram 5 ml/kg, 2.5 ml/kg and novaluron 5 ml/kg recorded maximum larval mortality and minimized the leaf damage by fall armyworm. These insecticides contributed for 97.20, 93.15 and 92.46 per cent reduction in larval population over untreated control, respectively at 14 days after second application”
e1“fall armyworm on maize”
Claim · model-written summary
novaluron 5 ml/kg reduced fall armyworm larvae by 92.46 per cent versus untreated control.
- Treatment
- novaluron 5 ml/kge0
- Interactor
- fall armywormSpodoptera frugiperdae0pest
- Outcome
- larval populatione0
- Direction
- reductione0
- Value
- 92.46 per cente0
- Comparator
- untreated controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“spinetoram 5 ml/kg, 2.5 ml/kg and novaluron 5 ml/kg recorded maximum larval mortality and minimized the leaf damage by fall armyworm. These insecticides contributed for 97.20, 93.15 and 92.46 per cent reduction in larval population over untreated control, respectively at 14 days after second application”
e1“fall armyworm on maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Bait and foliar spinetoram efficacy did not differ significantly.
- Treatment
- spinetorame0
- Interactor
- fall armywormSpodoptera frugiperdae1pest
- Outcome
- differencee0
- Comparator
- foliar sprayse0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Comparative efficacy of insecticide when applied as baits vis-a-vis foliar sprays suggested that the difference was non-significant in spinetoram, novaluron and chlorantraniliprole”
e1“fall armyworm on maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Bait and foliar novaluron efficacy did not differ significantly.
- Treatment
- novalurone0
- Interactor
- fall armywormSpodoptera frugiperdae1pest
- Outcome
- differencee0
- Comparator
- foliar sprayse0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Comparative efficacy of insecticide when applied as baits vis-a-vis foliar sprays suggested that the difference was non-significant in spinetoram, novaluron and chlorantraniliprole”
e1“fall armyworm on maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Bait and foliar chlorantraniliprole efficacy did not differ significantly.
- Treatment
- chlorantraniliprolee0
- Interactor
- fall armywormSpodoptera frugiperdae1pest
- Outcome
- differencee0
- Comparator
- foliar sprayse0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Comparative efficacy of insecticide when applied as baits vis-a-vis foliar sprays suggested that the difference was non-significant in spinetoram, novaluron and chlorantraniliprole”
e1“fall armyworm on maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Bait application lowered plant protection costs by 22 to 44 per cent versus foliar sprays.
- Treatment
- bait applicatione0
- Outcome
- cost of plant protectione0
- Direction
- reductione0
- Value
- 22 to 44 per cente0
- Comparator
- foliar spraye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“substantial reduction in the cost of plant protection ranging from 22 to 44 per cent in bait application over foliar spray involving same insecticide”
e1“fall armyworm on maize”
The same questions in other papers
chlorantraniliprole · Spodoptera frugiperda · Zea mays (maize)Positive and negative results
47 reporting no difference from an alternative
- positive
- positive
- positive
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See all 48 papers →novaluron · Spodoptera frugiperda · Zea mays (maize)Results agree
5 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
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See all 6 papers →Spinetoram · Spodoptera frugiperda · Zea mays (maize)Results agree
27 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
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See all 28 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.