Abstract
In the western Indo-Gangetic plains, issues of deterioration in soil, water, and environment quality coupled with low profitability jeopardize the sustainability of the dominant rice-wheat (RW) system. To address these issues, crop diversification and conservation agriculture (CA)-based management hold considerable promise but the adoption of both approaches has been low, and additional evidence generation from a multi-criteria productivity and sustainability perspective is likely required to help drive the change. Compared to prevailing farmers' practice (FP), results suggest that CA-based rice management increased profitability by 13% and energy use efficiency (EUE) by 21% while reducing irrigation by 19% and global warming potential (GWP) by 28%. By substituting CA-based maize for rice, similar mean profitability gains were realized (16%) but transformative improvements in irrigation (- 84%), EUE (+ 231%), and GWP (- 95%) were observed compared to FP. Inclusion of mungbean in the rotation (i.e. maize-wheat-mungbean) with CA-based management increased the system productivity, profitability, and EUE by 11, 25 and 103%, respectively while decreasing irrigation water use by 64% and GWP by 106% compared to FP. Despite considerable benefits from the CA-based maize-wheat system, adoption of maize is not widespread due to uneven market demand and assured price guarantees for rice.
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Claims 14
Claim · model-written summary
Conservation agriculture rice management increased profitability by 13% relative to farmer practice.
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativae0 - Treatment
- CA-based rice managemente0
- Outcome
- profitabilitye0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 13%e0
- Comparator
- prevailing farmers' practice (FP)e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Compared to prevailing farmers' practice (FP), results suggest that CA-based rice management increased profitability by 13% and energy use efficiency (EUE) by 21% while reducing irrigation by 19% and global warming potential (GWP) by 28%.”
Claim · model-written summary
Conservation agriculture rice management increased energy use efficiency by 21%.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- CA-based rice managemente0
- Outcome
- energy use efficiency (EUE)e0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 21%e0
- Comparator
- FPe1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“CA-based rice management increased profitability by 13% and energy use efficiency (EUE) by 21% while reducing irrigation by 19% and global warming potential (GWP) by 28%”
e1“Compared to prevailing farmers' practice (FP)”
Claim · model-written summary
Conservation agriculture rice management reduced irrigation by 19%.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- CA-based rice managemente0
- Outcome
- irrigatione0
- Direction
- reducinge0
- Value
- 19%e0
- Comparator
- FPe1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“CA-based rice management increased profitability by 13% and energy use efficiency (EUE) by 21% while reducing irrigation by 19% and global warming potential (GWP) by 28%”
e1“Compared to prevailing farmers' practice (FP)”
Claim · model-written summary
Conservation agriculture rice management reduced global warming potential by 28%.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- CA-based rice managemente0
- Outcome
- global warming potential (GWP)e0
- Direction
- reducinge0
- Value
- 28%e0
- Comparator
- FPe1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“CA-based rice management increased profitability by 13% and energy use efficiency (EUE) by 21% while reducing irrigation by 19% and global warming potential (GWP) by 28%”
e1“Compared to prevailing farmers' practice (FP)”
Claim · model-written summary
Conservation agriculture maize substitution raised profitability by 16%.
- Treatment
- substituting CA-based maize for ricee0
- Outcome
- profitability gainse0
- Direction
- gainse0
- Value
- 16%e0
- Comparator
- FPe0
Zea maysOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“By substituting CA-based maize for rice, similar mean profitability gains were realized (16%) but transformative improvements in irrigation (- 84%), EUE (+ 231%), and GWP (- 95%) were observed compared to FP.”
Claim · model-written summary
Conservation agriculture maize substitution reduced irrigation by 84%.
- Treatment
- substituting CA-based maize for ricee0
- Outcome
- irrigatione0
- Direction
- decreaseinferrede0
- Value
- - 84%e0
- Comparator
- FPe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Schema note from the model: needs_schema_review
Verbatim
e0“By substituting CA-based maize for rice, similar mean profitability gains were realized (16%) but transformative improvements in irrigation (- 84%), EUE (+ 231%), and GWP (- 95%) were observed compared to FP.”
Claim · model-written summary
Conservation agriculture maize substitution raised energy use efficiency by 231%.
- Treatment
- substituting CA-based maize for ricee0
- Outcome
- EUEe0
- Direction
- increaseinferrede0
- Value
- + 231%e0
- Comparator
- FPe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Schema note from the model: needs_schema_review
Verbatim
e0“By substituting CA-based maize for rice, similar mean profitability gains were realized (16%) but transformative improvements in irrigation (- 84%), EUE (+ 231%), and GWP (- 95%) were observed compared to FP.”
Claim · model-written summary
Conservation agriculture maize substitution lowered global warming potential by 95%.
- Treatment
- substituting CA-based maize for ricee0
- Outcome
- GWPe0
- Direction
- decreaseinferrede0
- Value
- - 95%e0
- Comparator
- FPe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Schema note from the model: needs_schema_review
Verbatim
e0“By substituting CA-based maize for rice, similar mean profitability gains were realized (16%) but transformative improvements in irrigation (- 84%), EUE (+ 231%), and GWP (- 95%) were observed compared to FP.”
Claim · model-written summary
Adding mungbean increased cropping system productivity by 11%.
- Taxon
- mungbean
.jpg?width=60)
Vigna radiatae0 - Treatment
- Inclusion of mungbean in the rotatione0
- Outcome
- system productivitye0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 11e0
- Comparator
- FPe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“Inclusion of mungbean in the rotation (i.e. maize-wheat-mungbean) with CA-based management increased the system productivity, profitability, and EUE by 11, 25 and 103%, respectively while decreasing irrigation water use by 64% and GWP by 106% compared to FP.”
Claim · model-written summary
Adding mungbean increased system profitability by 25%.
- Taxon
- mungbeanVigna radiatae0
- Treatment
- Inclusion of mungbean in the rotatione0
- Outcome
- profitabilitye0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 25e0
- Comparator
- FPe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Inclusion of mungbean in the rotation (i.e. maize-wheat-mungbean) with CA-based management increased the system productivity, profitability, and EUE by 11, 25 and 103%, respectively while decreasing irrigation water use by 64% and GWP by 106% compared to FP.”
Claim · model-written summary
Adding mungbean increased system energy use efficiency by 103%.
- Taxon
- mungbeanVigna radiatae0
- Treatment
- Inclusion of mungbean in the rotatione0
- Outcome
- EUEe0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 103%e0
- Comparator
- FPe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Inclusion of mungbean in the rotation (i.e. maize-wheat-mungbean) with CA-based management increased the system productivity, profitability, and EUE by 11, 25 and 103%, respectively while decreasing irrigation water use by 64% and GWP by 106% compared to FP.”
Claim · model-written summary
Adding mungbean reduced irrigation water use by 64%.
- Taxon
- mungbeanVigna radiatae0
- Treatment
- Inclusion of mungbean in the rotatione0
- Outcome
- irrigation water usee0
- Direction
- decreasinge0
- Value
- 64%e0
- Comparator
- FPe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Inclusion of mungbean in the rotation (i.e. maize-wheat-mungbean) with CA-based management increased the system productivity, profitability, and EUE by 11, 25 and 103%, respectively while decreasing irrigation water use by 64% and GWP by 106% compared to FP.”
Claim · model-written summary
Adding mungbean reduced system global warming potential by 106%.
- Taxon
- mungbeanVigna radiatae0
- Treatment
- Inclusion of mungbean in the rotatione0
- Outcome
- GWPe0
- Direction
- decreasinge0
- Value
- 106%e0
- Comparator
- FPe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Inclusion of mungbean in the rotation (i.e. maize-wheat-mungbean) with CA-based management increased the system productivity, profitability, and EUE by 11, 25 and 103%, respectively while decreasing irrigation water use by 64% and GWP by 106% compared to FP.”
Claim · model-written summary
Uneven demand and rice price guarantees limit maize adoption.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“adoption of maize is not widespread due to uneven market demand and assured price guarantees for rice.”
The same questions in other papers
Oryza sativa · yield · Zea mays (maize)Positive and negative results
62 papers in the same direction as this paper · 3 in the opposite direction
- positive
- no effect
- no effect
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See all 66 papers →rotation · yield · Vigna radiata (mung bean)Positive and negative results
5 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- no effect
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See all 7 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.