Abstract
A field experiment was conducted during the rainy season (kharif) 2012–13 and winter season (rabi) 2013–14 at Palampur, Himachal Pradesh, to evaluate the effect of resource conservation technologies (RCTs) on productivity, nutrient acquisition and energetics of maize (Zea mays L.)-based cropping system. The experiment was conducted in split-plot design, replicated thrice with 2 tillage methods, viz. zero tillage (ZT) and conventional tillage (CT); and 3 cropping systems, viz. maize (Zea mays L.)-wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) (M-W), baby corn (Zea mays) + Frenchbean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)-pea (Pisum sativum var. hortense.)-summer squash (Cucurbita pepo L.) (BC+FB-P-SS) and maize + soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.]-gobhi sarson (Brassica napus L.) + toria (Brassica campestris var. black toria) (M+S-GS+T) in main plot; and 2 mulch levels, viz. no mulch (NM) and cropresidue mulch (CRM); and 2 fertilizer levels, viz. recommended dose of fertilizers (RDF) and 75% of RDF + 25% N through FYM (INM) in subplot. The results revealed that CT resulted in significantly higher maize grain-equivalent yield (MGEY 11.4%), biological yield (12.3%), system output energy (7.9%), net energy (13.4%), energy productivity (12.8%), energy output efficiency (7.9%) and energy intensity in economic terms (4.6%) than ZT. Among the cropping systems, BC+FB-P-SS showed higher MGEY (190.8%), biological yield (97.3%), employment generation (55.9%) and energy productivity (138.0%) and also consumed higher energy input (29.3%) than the traditional M-W cropping system. The N, P and K uptake was the highest in M+S-GS+T. Application of crop-residue mulch and INM resulted in significantly higher MGEY, biological yield and system energy input. Thus conventional tillage proved best in terms of MGEY, biological yield and energy indices by providing more yield than zero tillage. Further, diversifying the existing cropping system with vegetable-based cropping system can be more profitable to the hill farmers and can provide more regular employment opportunities.
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Claims 15
Claim · model-written summary
Conventional tillage gave 11.4% higher maize grain-equivalent yield than zero tillage.
Zea maysOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“energetics of maize (Zea mays L.)-based cropping system”
e1“CT resulted in significantly higher”
e2“than ZT”
e3“maize grain-equivalent yield (MGEY 11.4%)”
Claim · model-written summary
Conventional tillage gave 12.3% higher biological yield than zero tillage.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“energetics of maize (Zea mays L.)-based cropping system”
e1“CT resulted in significantly higher”
e2“than ZT”
e3“biological yield (12.3%)”
Claim · model-written summary
Conventional tillage gave 7.9% higher system output energy than zero tillage.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“energetics of maize (Zea mays L.)-based cropping system”
e1“CT resulted in significantly higher”
e2“than ZT”
e3“system output energy (7.9%)”
Claim · model-written summary
Conventional tillage gave 13.4% higher net energy than zero tillage.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“energetics of maize (Zea mays L.)-based cropping system”
e1“CT resulted in significantly higher”
e2“than ZT”
e3“net energy (13.4%)”
Claim · model-written summary
Conventional tillage gave 12.8% higher energy productivity than zero tillage.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“energetics of maize (Zea mays L.)-based cropping system”
e1“CT resulted in significantly higher”
e2“than ZT”
e3“energy productivity (12.8%)”
Claim · model-written summary
Conventional tillage gave 7.9% higher energy output efficiency than zero tillage.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“energetics of maize (Zea mays L.)-based cropping system”
e1“CT resulted in significantly higher”
e2“than ZT”
e3“energy output efficiency (7.9%)”
Claim · model-written summary
Conventional tillage gave 4.6% higher energy intensity in economic terms than zero tillage.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“energetics of maize (Zea mays L.)-based cropping system”
e1“CT resulted in significantly higher”
e2“than ZT”
e3“energy intensity in economic terms (4.6%)”
Claim · model-written summary
The BC+FB-P-SS cropping system gave 190.8% higher maize grain-equivalent yield (MGEY) than the traditional M-W system.
- Treatment
- BC+FB-P-SSe4
- Outcome
- MGEYe4
- Direction
- highere4
- Value
- 190.8%e4
- Comparator
- traditional M-W cropping systeme5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“energetics of maize (Zea mays L.)-based cropping system”
e4“Among the cropping systems, BC+FB-P-SS showed higher MGEY (190.8%)”
e5“than the traditional M-W cropping system”
Claim · model-written summary
The BC+FB-P-SS cropping system gave 97.3% higher biological yield than the traditional M-W system.
- Treatment
- BC+FB-P-SSe4
- Outcome
- biological yielde6
- Direction
- highere4
- Value
- 97.3%e6
- Comparator
- traditional M-W cropping systeme5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“energetics of maize (Zea mays L.)-based cropping system”
e4“Among the cropping systems, BC+FB-P-SS showed higher MGEY (190.8%)”
e5“than the traditional M-W cropping system”
e6“biological yield (97.3%)”
Claim · model-written summary
The BC+FB-P-SS cropping system gave 55.9% higher employment generation than the traditional M-W system.
- Treatment
- BC+FB-P-SSe4
- Outcome
- employment generatione6
- Direction
- highere4
- Value
- 55.9%e6
- Comparator
- traditional M-W cropping systeme5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“energetics of maize (Zea mays L.)-based cropping system”
e4“Among the cropping systems, BC+FB-P-SS showed higher MGEY (190.8%)”
e5“than the traditional M-W cropping system”
e6“employment generation (55.9%)”
Claim · model-written summary
The BC+FB-P-SS cropping system gave 138.0% higher energy productivity than the traditional M-W system.
- Treatment
- BC+FB-P-SSe4
- Outcome
- energy productivitye6
- Direction
- highere4
- Value
- 138.0%e6
- Comparator
- traditional M-W cropping systeme5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“energetics of maize (Zea mays L.)-based cropping system”
e4“Among the cropping systems, BC+FB-P-SS showed higher MGEY (190.8%)”
e5“than the traditional M-W cropping system”
e6“energy productivity (138.0%)”
Claim · model-written summary
The BC+FB-P-SS cropping system consumed 29.3% higher energy input than the traditional M-W system.
- Treatment
- BC+FB-P-SSe4
- Outcome
- energy inpute6
- Direction
- highere6
- Value
- 29.3%e6
- Comparator
- traditional M-W cropping systeme5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“energetics of maize (Zea mays L.)-based cropping system”
e4“Among the cropping systems, BC+FB-P-SS showed higher MGEY (190.8%)”
e5“than the traditional M-W cropping system”
e6“consumed higher energy input (29.3%)”
Claim · model-written summary
N, P and K uptake was highest in the M+S-GS+T cropping system.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“energetics of maize (Zea mays L.)-based cropping system”
e4“The N, P and K uptake was the highest in M+S-GS+T”
Claim · model-written summary
Crop-residue mulch and INM significantly increased MGEY, biological yield and system energy input.
- Treatment
- crop-residue mulch and INMe4
- Outcome
- MGEY, biological yield and system energy inpute4
- Direction
- highere4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“energetics of maize (Zea mays L.)-based cropping system”
e4“Application of crop-residue mulch and INM resulted in significantly higher MGEY, biological yield and system energy input”
Claim · model-written summary
Diversifying the maize-based system with vegetable-based cropping can give more regular employment opportunities to hill farmers.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“energetics of maize (Zea mays L.)-based cropping system”
e4“diversifying the existing cropping system with vegetable-based cropping system can be more profitable to the hill farmers and can provide more regular employment opportunities”
The same questions in other papers
tillage · yield · Zea mays (maize)Positive and negative results
811 papers in the same direction as this paper · 230 in the opposite direction · 57 reporting no difference from an alternative
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