Abstract
Methodology: Two field experiments were conducted on the Experimental Farm at El-Gemmeiza Research Station, Gharbia Governorate, Agricultural Research Center, Egypt, during two successive winter seasons of 2018-19 and 2019-20. Aims: To investigate the effect of three nitrogen fertilizer rates, i.e. 30, 50 and 70 kg N feddan-1 [one feddan (fed) = 4200 m2] and three plant densities, i.e. 1500, 2000 and 2500 seeds m-2 on flax (Linum usitatissimum L.) yield and its quality of three cultivars of flax, i.e. Sakha 3, Giza 11 and Giza 12. Results: Results in combined analysis of the two seasons showed that Sakha 3 cultivar significantly produced the maximum total plant height, technical stem length, upper branching zone length, No. of seeds capsule-1, total fiber percentage, fiber yield plant-1, fiber yield fed-1, fiber length and fiber fineness. Meanwhile, the highest No. of basal branches plant-1, straw yield plant-1, straw yield fed-1 and seed oil content were recorded with Giza 12 cultivar. While, Giza 11 cultivar gave the maximum stem diameter, No. of upper branches plant-1, No. of capsules plant-1, No. of seeds plant-1, seed index, seed yield plant-1, seed yield fed-1, harvest index, oil yield plant-1 and oil yield fed-1. Increasing nitrogen fertilizer rates from 30 up to 70 kg N fed-1 caused significant increases in almost straw, fiber, seed and oil yields and its related traits of flax, on the other hand, fiber fineness which significantly decreased with increasing nitrogen rates. Flax plants growing at 1500 seeds m-2 markedly gave the greatest No. of basal branches plant-1, stem diameter, straw yield plant-1, upper branching zone length, No. of upper branches plant-1, No. of capsules plant-1, No. of seeds plant-1, seed yield plant-1, harvest index, oil yield plant-1 and fiber yield plant-1. Meanwhile, the maximum total plant height, technical stem length, straw yield fed-1, seed yield fed-1, oil yield fed-1, total fiber percentage, fiber yield fed-1, fiber length and fiber fineness were obtained from flax planting at 2500 seeds m-2. The maximum fiber yield were recorded from the interactions among treatments Sakha 3 X 70 kg N fed-1, Sakha 3 X 2500 seeds m-2, 70 kg N fed-1 X 2500 seeds m-2 and Sakha 3 X 70 kg N fed-1 X 2500 seeds m-2. Meanwhile, the maximum seed and oil yields fed-1 were recorded from the interactions between treatments Giza 11 X 70 kg N fed-1, Giza 11 X 2500 seeds m-2, 70 kg N fed-1 X 2500 seeds m-2 and Giza 11 X 70 kg N fed-1 X 2500 seeds m-2. Generally, it could be concluded that Sakha 3 cultivar under soil fertilized by 70 kg N fed-1 with plant density of 2500 seeds m-2 to maximizing fiber yield fed-1, while Giza 11 cultivar with the same rates of nitrogen and plant density to maximizing seed and oil yields fed-1.
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Claims 20
Claim · model-written summary
Sakha 3 had maximum height, stem length and upper branching zone length.
- Taxon
- flax (Linum usitatissimum L.)
Linum usitatissimumt0 - Material
- Sakha 3e0
- Outcome
- total plant height, technical stem length, upper branching zone lengthe0
- Direction
- maximume0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Sakha 3 cultivar significantly produced the maximum total plant height, technical stem length, upper branching zone length”
t0“flax (Linum usitatissimum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Sakha 3 had maximum seeds per capsule, fiber percentage and fiber yield per plant.
- Taxon
- flax (Linum usitatissimum L.)Linum usitatissimumt0
- Material
- Sakha 3e0
- Outcome
- No. of seeds capsule-1, total fiber percentage, fiber yield plant-1e0
- Direction
- maximume0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Sakha 3 cultivar significantly produced the maximum total plant height, technical stem length, upper branching zone length, No. of seeds capsule-1, total fiber percentage, fiber yield plant-1”
t0“flax (Linum usitatissimum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Sakha 3 had maximum fiber yield per feddan, length and fineness.
- Taxon
- flax (Linum usitatissimum L.)Linum usitatissimumt0
- Material
- Sakha 3e0
- Outcome
- fiber yield fed-1, fiber length and fiber finenesse0
- Direction
- maximume0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Sakha 3 cultivar significantly produced the maximum total plant height, technical stem length, upper branching zone length, No. of seeds capsule-1, total fiber percentage, fiber yield plant-1, fiber yield fed-1, fiber length and fiber fineness.”
t0“flax (Linum usitatissimum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Giza 12 had maximum basal branches, straw yield per plant and per feddan.
- Taxon
- flax (Linum usitatissimum L.)Linum usitatissimumt0
- Material
- Giza 12e0
- Outcome
- No. of basal branches plant-1, straw yield plant-1, straw yield fed-1e0
- Direction
- higheste0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“highest No. of basal branches plant-1, straw yield plant-1, straw yield fed-1 and seed oil content were recorded with Giza 12 cultivar.”
t0“flax (Linum usitatissimum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Giza 12 had highest seed oil content.
- Taxon
- flax (Linum usitatissimum L.)Linum usitatissimumt0
- Material
- Giza 12e0
- Outcome
- seed oil contente0
- Direction
- higheste0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“highest No. of basal branches plant-1, straw yield plant-1, straw yield fed-1 and seed oil content were recorded with Giza 12 cultivar.”
t0“flax (Linum usitatissimum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Giza 11 had maximum stem diameter, upper branches and capsules per plant.
- Taxon
- flax (Linum usitatissimum L.)Linum usitatissimumt0
- Material
- Giza 11e0
- Outcome
- stem diameter, No. of upper branches plant-1, No. of capsules plant-1e0
- Direction
- maximume0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Giza 11 cultivar gave the maximum stem diameter, No. of upper branches plant-1, No. of capsules plant-1”
t0“flax (Linum usitatissimum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Giza 11 had maximum seeds per plant, seed index and seed yield per plant.
- Taxon
- flax (Linum usitatissimum L.)Linum usitatissimumt0
- Material
- Giza 11e0
- Outcome
- No. of seeds plant-1, seed index, seed yield plant-1e0
- Direction
- maximume0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Giza 11 cultivar gave the maximum stem diameter, No. of upper branches plant-1, No. of capsules plant-1, No. of seeds plant-1, seed index, seed yield plant-1”
t0“flax (Linum usitatissimum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Giza 11 had maximum seed yield per feddan, harvest index and oil yield per plant.
- Taxon
- flax (Linum usitatissimum L.)Linum usitatissimumt0
- Material
- Giza 11e0
- Outcome
- seed yield fed-1, harvest index, oil yield plant-1e0
- Direction
- maximume0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Giza 11 cultivar gave the maximum stem diameter, No. of upper branches plant-1, No. of capsules plant-1, No. of seeds plant-1, seed index, seed yield plant-1, seed yield fed-1, harvest index, oil yield plant-1”
t0“flax (Linum usitatissimum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Giza 11 had maximum oil yield per feddan.
- Taxon
- flax (Linum usitatissimum L.)Linum usitatissimumt0
- Material
- Giza 11e0
- Outcome
- oil yield fed-1e0
- Direction
- maximume0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Giza 11 cultivar gave the maximum stem diameter, No. of upper branches plant-1, No. of capsules plant-1, No. of seeds plant-1, seed index, seed yield plant-1, seed yield fed-1, harvest index, oil yield plant-1 and oil yield fed-1.”
t0“flax (Linum usitatissimum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing nitrogen increased straw, fiber and seed yields and related traits.
- Taxon
- flax (Linum usitatissimum L.)Linum usitatissimumt0
- Treatment
- nitrogen fertilizer rates from 30 up to 70 kg N fed-1e0
- Outcome
- straw, fiber, seed and oil yieldse0
- Direction
- increasese0
- Comparator
- 30e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Increasing nitrogen fertilizer rates from 30 up to 70 kg N fed-1 caused significant increases in almost straw, fiber, seed and oil yields and its related traits of flax”
t0“flax (Linum usitatissimum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing nitrogen significantly decreased fiber fineness.
- Taxon
- flax (Linum usitatissimum L.)Linum usitatissimumt0
- Treatment
- increasing nitrogen ratese0
- Outcome
- fiber finenesse0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“fiber fineness which significantly decreased with increasing nitrogen rates.”
t0“flax (Linum usitatissimum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
At 1500 seeds per square meter, basal branches, stem diameter and straw yield per plant were greatest.
- Taxon
- flax (Linum usitatissimum L.)Linum usitatissimumt0
- Treatment
- 1500 seeds m-2e0
- Outcome
- No. of basal branches plant-1, stem diameter, straw yield plant-1e0
- Direction
- greateste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Flax plants growing at 1500 seeds m-2 markedly gave the greatest No. of basal branches plant-1, stem diameter, straw yield plant-1”
t0“flax (Linum usitatissimum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
At 1500 seeds per square meter, upper branching zone, upper branches and capsules per plant were greatest.
- Taxon
- flax (Linum usitatissimum L.)Linum usitatissimumt0
- Treatment
- 1500 seeds m-2e0
- Outcome
- upper branching zone length, No. of upper branches plant-1, No. of capsules plant-1e0
- Direction
- greateste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Flax plants growing at 1500 seeds m-2 markedly gave the greatest No. of basal branches plant-1, stem diameter, straw yield plant-1, upper branching zone length, No. of upper branches plant-1, No. of capsules plant-1”
t0“flax (Linum usitatissimum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
At 1500 seeds per square meter, seeds, seed yield and fiber yield per plant were greatest.
- Taxon
- flax (Linum usitatissimum L.)Linum usitatissimumt0
- Treatment
- 1500 seeds m-2e0
- Outcome
- No. of seeds plant-1, seed yield plant-1e0
- Direction
- greateste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Flax plants growing at 1500 seeds m-2 markedly gave the greatest No. of basal branches plant-1, stem diameter, straw yield plant-1, upper branching zone length, No. of upper branches plant-1, No. of capsules plant-1, No. of seeds plant-1, seed yield plant-1, harvest index, oil yield plant-1 and fiber yield plant-1.”
t0“flax (Linum usitatissimum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
At 1500 seeds per square meter, harvest index and oil yield per plant were greatest.
- Taxon
- flax (Linum usitatissimum L.)Linum usitatissimumt0
- Treatment
- 1500 seeds m-2e0
- Outcome
- harvest index, oil yield plant-1 and fiber yield plant-1e0
- Direction
- greateste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Flax plants growing at 1500 seeds m-2 markedly gave the greatest No. of basal branches plant-1, stem diameter, straw yield plant-1, upper branching zone length, No. of upper branches plant-1, No. of capsules plant-1, No. of seeds plant-1, seed yield plant-1, harvest index, oil yield plant-1 and fiber yield plant-1.”
t0“flax (Linum usitatissimum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
At 2500 seeds per square meter, height, stem length and straw yield per feddan were maximum.
- Taxon
- flax (Linum usitatissimum L.)Linum usitatissimumt0
- Treatment
- 2500 seeds m-2e0
- Outcome
- total plant height, technical stem length, straw yield fed-1e0
- Direction
- maximume0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“maximum total plant height, technical stem length, straw yield fed-1, seed yield fed-1, oil yield fed-1, total fiber percentage, fiber yield fed-1, fiber length and fiber fineness were obtained from flax planting at 2500 seeds m-2.”
t0“flax (Linum usitatissimum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
At 2500 seeds per square meter, seed and oil yields per feddan and fiber percentage were maximum.
- Taxon
- flax (Linum usitatissimum L.)Linum usitatissimumt0
- Treatment
- 2500 seeds m-2e0
- Outcome
- seed yield fed-1, oil yield fed-1, total fiber percentagee0
- Direction
- maximume0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“maximum total plant height, technical stem length, straw yield fed-1, seed yield fed-1, oil yield fed-1, total fiber percentage, fiber yield fed-1, fiber length and fiber fineness were obtained from flax planting at 2500 seeds m-2.”
t0“flax (Linum usitatissimum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
At 2500 seeds per square meter, fiber yield per feddan, length and fineness were maximum.
- Taxon
- flax (Linum usitatissimum L.)Linum usitatissimumt0
- Treatment
- 2500 seeds m-2e0
- Outcome
- fiber yield fed-1, fiber length and fiber finenesse0
- Direction
- maximume0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“maximum total plant height, technical stem length, straw yield fed-1, seed yield fed-1, oil yield fed-1, total fiber percentage, fiber yield fed-1, fiber length and fiber fineness were obtained from flax planting at 2500 seeds m-2.”
t0“flax (Linum usitatissimum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommended Sakha 3 with 70 kg nitrogen and 2500 seeds per square meter to maximize fiber yield.
- Taxon
- flax (Linum usitatissimum L.)Linum usitatissimumt0
- Material
- Sakha 3e0
- Treatment
- 70 kg N fed-1 with plant density of 2500 seeds m-2e0
- Outcome
- fiber yield fed-1e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Sakha 3 cultivar under soil fertilized by 70 kg N fed-1 with plant density of 2500 seeds m-2 to maximizing fiber yield fed-1”
t0“flax (Linum usitatissimum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommended Giza 11 with the same nitrogen rate and density to maximize seed and oil yields.
- Taxon
- flax (Linum usitatissimum L.)Linum usitatissimumt0
- Material
- Giza 11e0
- Outcome
- seed and oil yields fed-1e0
- Qualifier
- same rates of nitrogen and plant densitye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Giza 11 cultivar with the same rates of nitrogen and plant density to maximizing seed and oil yields fed-1”
t0“flax (Linum usitatissimum L.)”
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