Abstract
Citrus plantations are suffered from many different pest species in East Mediterranean Region. Among them, aphids (Hemiptera: Aphididae) are one of the important groups. Some species such as Aphis gossypii Glover, Aphis spiraecola Patch, Aphis craccivora Koch, Aphis (Toxoptera) aurantii (Boyer de Fanscolombe) and Myzus (Nectarosiphon) persicae (Sulzer) (Hemiptera: Aphididae) cause harm especially young citrus orchards. This study aimed to investigate regional distribution, seasonal fluctuation, host and host age preferences within citrus species of these aphid species in 15 sub-regions from Adana, Hatay, Osmaniye and Mersin between 2007 and 2009. While the mandarin was more preferred than other citrus species, grapefruit was the least preferred citrus species among in all the three provinces. Among the citrus species in the Mersin region, A. spiraecola was the most common in lemons, while A. (T.) aurantii preferred mandarin compare to others. In Adana and Hatay regions, mandarin was the most preferred citrus species for all aphid species except M. (N.) persicae. Aphid preferences depending on the age showed differences in citrus age scale by region. A. (T.) aurantii, on the other hand, had the highest rate of presence between the ages of 11-20 in Hatay and between the ages 21-40 in Mersin. The prevalence of citrus varieties in Adana and Hatay parallelly affected the distribution of aphids. However, A. spiraecola was dominant aphid species on the lemon. Adana, which has a richer flora compared to Mersin and Hatay regions, has been determined the highest aphid density in different species. The fact that Aphis goosypii and A. spiraecola create up to 30-40% infections rate in citrus orchards not only in spring, but also in July, and intense again in autumn have made these pests harmful for four seasons.
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
Mandarin was more preferred by aphids than other citrus species.
- Material
- mandarine0
- Interactor
- aphidsAphidomorphat0pest
- Outcome
- preferrede0
- Direction
- more preferrede0
- Comparator
- other citrus speciese0
CitrusOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Citrus aphids”
e0“While the mandarin was more preferred than other citrus species”
Claim · model-written summary
Grapefruit was the least preferred citrus host.
- Material
- grapefruite0
- Interactor
- aphidsAphidomorphat0pest
- Outcome
- preferrede0
- Direction
- least preferrede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Citrus aphids”
e0“grapefruit was the least preferred citrus species among in all the three provinces”
Claim · model-written summary
A. spiraecola was most common in lemons in Mersin.
- Material
- lemonse0
- Interactor
- A. spiraecola
Aphis spiraecolae0pest - Outcome
- A. spiraecolae0
- Direction
- most commone0
- Setting
- Mersin regione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Citrus aphids”
e0“Among the citrus species in the Mersin region, A. spiraecola was the most common in lemons”
Claim · model-written summary
A. (T.) aurantii preferred mandarin relative to other citrus in Mersin.
- Material
- mandarine0
- Interactor
- A. (T.) aurantii
Aphis aurantiie0pest - Outcome
- preferred mandarine0
- Direction
- preferrede0
- Comparator
- otherse0
- Setting
- Mersin regione1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Citrus aphids”
e0“A. (T.) aurantii preferred mandarin compare to others”
e1“Mersin region”
Claim · model-written summary
Mandarin was the most preferred citrus for aphids other than M. (N.) persicae in Adana and Hatay.
- Material
- mandarine0
- Interactor
- aphid speciese0pest
- Outcome
- most preferred citrus speciese0
- Direction
- most preferrede0
- Qualifier
- except M. (N.) persicaee0
- Setting
- Adana and Hatay regionse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Citrus aphids”
e0“In Adana and Hatay regions, mandarin was the most preferred citrus species for all aphid species except M. (N.) persicae.”
Claim · model-written summary
Citrus age preferences of aphids differed by region.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Citrus aphids”
e0“Aphid preferences depending on the age showed differences in citrus age scale by region.”
Claim · model-written summary
A. (T.) aurantii presence was highest at ages 11-20 in Hatay.
- Interactor
- A. (T.) aurantiiAphis aurantiie0pest
- Outcome
- rate of presencee0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 11-20e0
- Setting
- Hataye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Citrus aphids”
e0“A. (T.) aurantii, on the other hand, had the highest rate of presence between the ages of 11-20 in Hatay”
Claim · model-written summary
A. (T.) aurantii presence was highest at ages 21-40 in Mersin.
- Interactor
- A. (T.) aurantiiAphis aurantiie0pest
- Outcome
- rate of presencee0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 21-40e0
- Setting
- Mersine0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Citrus aphids”
e0“A. (T.) aurantii, on the other hand, had the highest rate of presence between the ages of 11-20 in Hatay and between the ages 21-40 in Mersin.”
Claim · model-written summary
The prevalence of citrus varieties in Adana and Hatay affected aphid distribution.
- Material
- citrus varietiese0
- Interactor
- aphidsAphidomorphae0pest
- Outcome
- distribution of aphidse0
- Setting
- Adana and Hataye0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The prevalence of citrus varieties in Adana and Hatay parallelly affected the distribution of aphids.”
Claim · model-written summary
A. spiraecola was dominant on lemon.
- Material
- lemone0
- Interactor
- A. spiraecolaAphis spiraecolae0pest
- Outcome
- dominant aphid speciese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Citrus aphids”
e0“A. spiraecola was dominant aphid species on the lemon.”
Claim · model-written summary
Adana had the highest density of aphids across species.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Citrus aphids”
e0“Adana, which has a richer flora compared to Mersin and Hatay regions, has been determined the highest aphid density in different species.”
Claim · model-written summary
Aphis goosypii caused up to 30-40% infection rates in citrus orchards in spring, July, and autumn.
- Interactor
- Aphis goosypiie0pest
- Outcome
- infections rate in citrus orchardse0
- Value
- 30-40%e0
- Qualifier
- spring, but also in July, and intense again in autumne0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Aphis goosypii and A. spiraecola create up to 30-40% infections rate in citrus orchards not only in spring, but also in July, and intense again in autumn”
Claim · model-written summary
A. spiraecola caused up to 30-40% infection rates in citrus orchards in spring, July, and autumn.
- Interactor
- A. spiraecolaAphis spiraecolae0pest
- Outcome
- infections rate in citrus orchardse0
- Value
- 30-40%e0
- Qualifier
- spring, but also in July, and intense again in autumne0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Aphis goosypii and A. spiraecola create up to 30-40% infections rate in citrus orchards not only in spring, but also in July, and intense again in autumn”