Abstract
The experiment was conducted to determine the efficacy of three plants ethanolic extracts against maize weevil (Sitophilus zeamais) on stored maize grains (Zea mays). Five different ethanolic concentrations (0.5 mg/L, 1.0 mg/L, 2.0 mg/L, 4.0 mg/L and 8.0 mg/L) were made from the leaves of Hyptis suaveolens, Alstonia boonei and Tephrosia vogelii with 0.0 mg/L as the control (ethanol) and applied onto the maize grains by dipping. Theexperiment consists of six treatments (including control) and was laid in completely randomized design (CRD) with three replications. Data were collected for adult mortality, number of eggs, larval development and percentage grain damage. The data were subjected to analysis of variance (ANOVA) at 5% probability level with Duncan's Multiple Range Test (DMRT) used to separate the means that were significant. The result obtainedrevealed significant difference (P≤ 0.05) between the concentrations over the control in terms of toxicity, oviposition, induced adult mortality and progeny suppression. However, the extracts from Tephrosia vogelii are the most toxic and produced the best effect with LC of 4.85 mg/L at 24 hours of exposure and 1.94 mg/L at 48 50 hours of exposure. Similar result was found in terms of adult mortality and oviposition suppression. The effectof the extracts is concentration-dependent increase with increase in concentration. The percentage decrease in weight due to the weevil's infestation was found to be reduced with increase in concentrations. Thus, 8.0 mg/L of the ethanolic extracts of Tephrosia vogelii is recommended for biological control of Sitophilus zeamais against stored maize grains. Key Words: Concentrations, Ethanolic Extracts, Maize, Weevil.
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Claims 6
Claim · model-written summary
Plant ethanolic extracts changed weevil toxicity, oviposition, adult mortality and progeny suppression versus control.
- Treatment
- concentrationse0
- Interactor
- maize weevil (Sitophilus zeamais)
Sitophilus zeamaist0pest - Outcome
- toxicity, oviposition, induced adult mortality and progeny suppressione0
- Comparator
- controle0
Zea maysNot reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“significant difference (P≤ 0.05) between the concentrations over the control in terms of toxicity, oviposition, induced adult mortality and progeny suppression”
t0“maize weevil (Sitophilus zeamais)”
t1“stored maize grains”
Claim · model-written summary
Tephrosia vogelii extract was the most toxic to maize weevil.
- Treatment
- extracts from Tephrosia vogeliie0
- Interactor
- maize weevil (Sitophilus zeamais)Sitophilus zeamaist0pest
- Outcome
- toxice0
- Direction
- most toxice0
- Value
- 4.85 mg/Le0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“extracts from Tephrosia vogelii are the most toxic and produced the best effect with LC of 4.85 mg/L at 24 hours of exposure and 1.94 mg/L at 48 50 hours of exposure”
t0“maize weevil (Sitophilus zeamais)”
t1“stored maize grains”
Claim · model-written summary
Toxicity of Tephrosia vogelii extract was reported as 1.94 mg/L after 48 hours.
- Interactor
- maize weevil (Sitophilus zeamais)Sitophilus zeamaist0pest
- Outcome
- LCe0
- Value
- 1.94 mg/Le0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“extracts from Tephrosia vogelii are the most toxic and produced the best effect with LC of 4.85 mg/L at 24 hours of exposure and 1.94 mg/L at 48 50 hours of exposure”
t0“maize weevil (Sitophilus zeamais)”
t1“stored maize grains”
Claim · model-written summary
Extract effects increased with concentration.
- Treatment
- extractse0
- Interactor
- maize weevil (Sitophilus zeamais)Sitophilus zeamaist0pest
- Outcome
- effectof the extractse0
- Direction
- increasee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The effectof the extracts is concentration-dependent increase with increase in concentration.”
t0“maize weevil (Sitophilus zeamais)”
t1“stored maize grains”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing extract concentration reduced grain weight loss from weevil infestation.
- Treatment
- concentrationse0
- Interactor
- maize weevil (Sitophilus zeamais)Sitophilus zeamaist0pest
- Outcome
- percentage decrease in weight due to the weevil's infestatione0
- Direction
- reducede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The percentage decrease in weight due to the weevil's infestation was found to be reduced with increase in concentrations.”
t0“maize weevil (Sitophilus zeamais)”
t1“stored maize grains”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend 8.0 mg/L Tephrosia vogelii extract for control of maize weevil in stored maize.
- Treatment
- 8.0 mg/L of the ethanolic extracts of Tephrosia vogeliie0
- Interactor
- Sitophilus zeamaisSitophilus zeamaise0pest
- Outcome
- biological control of Sitophilus zeamais against stored maize grainse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“8.0 mg/L of the ethanolic extracts of Tephrosia vogelii is recommended for biological control of Sitophilus zeamais against stored maize grains”
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