Abstract
Cropping systems greatly impact the productivity and resilience of agricultural ecosystems. However, we often lack an understanding of the quantitative interactions among social, economic and ecological components in each of the systems, especially with regard to crop rotation. Current production systems cannot guarantee both high profits in the short term and social and ecological benefits in the long term. This study combined statistic and economic models to evaluate the comprehensive effects of cropping systems on rice production using data collected from experimental fields between 2017 and 2018. The results showed that increasing agricultural diversity through rotations, particularly potato–rice rotation (PR), significantly increased the social, economic and ecological benefits of rice production. Yields, profits, profit margins, weighted dimensionless values of soil chemical and physical (SCP) and heavy metal (SHM) traits, benefits and externalities generated by PR and other rotations were generally higher than successive rice cropping. This suggests that agricultural diversity through rotations, particularly PR rotation, is worth implementing due to its overall benefits generated in rice production. However, due to various nutrient residues from preceding crops, fertilizer application should be rationalized to improve the resource and investment efficiency. Furthermore, we internalized the externalities (hidden ecological and social benefits/costs) generated by each of the rotation systems and proposed ways of incenting farmers to adopt crop rotation approaches for sustainable rice production.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Potato–rice rotation significantly increased social, economic and ecological benefits of rice production.
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativae0 - Treatment
- potato–rice rotation (PR)e0
- Outcome
- social, economic and ecological benefitse0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“rotations, particularly potato–rice rotation (PR), significantly increased the social, economic and ecological benefits of rice production”
Claim · model-written summary
Rotations generally had higher rice yields than successive rice cropping.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- PR and other rotationse0
- Outcome
- Yieldse0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- successive rice croppinge0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Yields, profits, profit margins, weighted dimensionless values of soil chemical and physical (SCP) and heavy metal (SHM) traits, benefits and externalities generated by PR and other rotations were generally higher than successive rice cropping”
t0“Rice Production”
Claim · model-written summary
Rotations generally had higher profits and profit margins than successive rice cropping.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- PR and other rotationse0
- Outcome
- profits, profit marginse0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- successive rice croppinge0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Yields, profits, profit margins, weighted dimensionless values of soil chemical and physical (SCP) and heavy metal (SHM) traits, benefits and externalities generated by PR and other rotations were generally higher than successive rice cropping”
t0“Rice Production”
Claim · model-written summary
Rotations generally had higher soil chemical and physical trait values than successive rice cropping.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- PR and other rotationse0
- Outcome
- weighted dimensionless values of soil chemical and physical (SCP)e0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- successive rice croppinge0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“weighted dimensionless values of soil chemical and physical (SCP) and heavy metal (SHM) traits, benefits and externalities generated by PR and other rotations were generally higher than successive rice cropping”
t0“Rice Production”
Claim · model-written summary
Rotations generally had higher soil heavy metal trait values than successive rice cropping.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- PR and other rotationse0
- Outcome
- heavy metal (SHM) traitse0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- successive rice croppinge0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“heavy metal (SHM) traits, benefits and externalities generated by PR and other rotations were generally higher than successive rice cropping”
t0“Rice Production”
Claim · model-written summary
Rotations generally generated higher benefits and externalities than successive rice cropping.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- PR and other rotationse0
- Outcome
- benefits and externalitiese0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- successive rice croppinge0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“benefits and externalities generated by PR and other rotations were generally higher than successive rice cropping”
t0“Rice Production”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend implementing rotations, particularly potato–rice rotation.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Outcome
- PR rotation, is worth implementinge0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“agricultural diversity through rotations, particularly PR rotation, is worth implementing due to its overall benefits generated in rice production”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend rationalizing fertilizer use because of nutrient residues from preceding crops.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Outcome
- fertilizer application should be rationalizede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“due to various nutrient residues from preceding crops, fertilizer application should be rationalized to improve the resource and investment efficiency”
t0“Rice Production”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors propose incentives for farmers to adopt crop rotation.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Outcome
- incenting farmers to adopt crop rotation approachese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“proposed ways of incenting farmers to adopt crop rotation approaches for sustainable rice production”
The same questions in other papers
rotation · yield · Oryza sativa (rice)Positive and negative results
71 papers in the same direction as this paper · 13 in the opposite direction · 1 reporting no difference from an alternative
- positive
- positive
- positive
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See all 86 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.