Abstract
To assess comparative losses of Trianthema portulacastrum (HP) relative to other weeds, the experiment was set during consecutive summer seasons 2018 and 2019 at the Research Farm MNS-University of Agriculture, Multan, Pakistan. Experiment consisted three replications which were laid out under randomized complete block design. Experiment consisted of ten treatments viz: weeds free (whole season), HP free till 20 Days after emergence (DAE), HP free till 40 DAE, HP free till 60 DAE, all weeds free 20 DAE, all weeds free 40 DAE, all weeds free 60 DAE, weedy check (all weeds), weedy check except HP and weedy check containing only HP. During 2018 in all weeds weedy check, maximum HP relative density (33.33%) was observed while in 2019, plot where weeds were controlled from growing till 20 DAE showed (80%) relative density at 30 DAE. HP maximum frequency (66.67%, 77.78%) and relative frequency (66%, 100%) was recorded at 45 DAE in plots where HP was kept controlled till 20 DAE and all weeds kept controlled till 20 DAE, respectively. Maximum number of grains per cob (738, 700.68), 1000 grain weight (306.66, 271.51 g) and grain yield (6150, 8015 kg hec-1) were recorded in plots which were kept all weed free till 60 DAE. As the competition period of weeds increased over 40 DAE, it substantially reduced yield of maize. Keeping the plots HP free till 40 DAE in the maize fields with HP as the major dominating weed, likely increase in maize grain yield is up to 30% compared to the fields where HP left un attended throughout the growing season. However, if maize field is infested with a mix of weeds with more than one dominating weeds including HP, compared to weedy situation the whole season, 30% higher grain yield can be obtained if all weeds are kept controlled till 40 DAE. Hence it can be concluded that whether the farmers face heavy HP infestation only or the mix of weeds as dominating weeds, in either case farmer should control weeds within first 40 days in maize field for better grain yield.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Horse purslane reached 33.33% relative density in the all-weeds check in 2018.
Zea maysOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“During 2018 in all weeds weedy check, maximum HP relative density (33.33%) was observed”
t0“horse purslane (Trianthema portulacastrum L.) and other weeds affect yield of autumn planted maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Horse purslane relative density reached 80% at 30 DAE in a 2019 plot controlled until 20 DAE.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“in 2019, plot where weeds were controlled from growing till 20 DAE showed (80%) relative density at 30 DAE.”
t0“horse purslane (Trianthema portulacastrum L.) and other weeds affect yield of autumn planted maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Weed-free plots through 60 DAE had maximum grains per cob.
- Treatment
- all weed free till 60 DAEe0
- Outcome
- number of grains per cobe0
- Direction
- Maximume0
- Value
- 738, 700.68e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Maximum number of grains per cob (738, 700.68), 1000 grain weight (306.66, 271.51 g) and grain yield (6150, 8015 kg hec-1) were recorded in plots which were kept all weed free till 60 DAE.”
t0“maize (Zea mays L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Weed-free plots through 60 DAE had maximum thousand-grain weight.
- Treatment
- all weed free till 60 DAEe0
- Outcome
- 1000 grain weighte0
- Direction
- Maximume0
- Value
- 306.66, 271.51 ge0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Maximum number of grains per cob (738, 700.68), 1000 grain weight (306.66, 271.51 g) and grain yield (6150, 8015 kg hec-1) were recorded in plots which were kept all weed free till 60 DAE.”
t0“maize (Zea mays L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Weed-free plots through 60 DAE had maximum grain yield.
- Treatment
- all weed free till 60 DAEe0
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- Maximume0
- Value
- 6150, 8015 kg hec-1e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Maximum number of grains per cob (738, 700.68), 1000 grain weight (306.66, 271.51 g) and grain yield (6150, 8015 kg hec-1) were recorded in plots which were kept all weed free till 60 DAE.”
t0“maize (Zea mays L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Weed competition beyond 40 DAE substantially reduced maize yield.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“As the competition period of weeds increased over 40 DAE, it substantially reduced yield of maize.”
Claim · model-written summary
Keeping horse purslane out until 40 DAE may raise maize grain yield by up to 30% over unattended fields.
- Treatment
- HP free till 40 DAEe0
- Interactor
- HPe0weed
- Outcome
- maize grain yielde0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Value
- up to 30%e0
- Comparator
- fields where HP left un attended throughout the growing seasone0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Keeping the plots HP free till 40 DAE in the maize fields with HP as the major dominating weed, likely increase in maize grain yield is up to 30% compared to the fields where HP left un attended throughout the growing season.”
Claim · model-written summary
Controlling all weeds until 40 DAE may produce 30% higher grain yield than whole-season weediness.
- Treatment
- all weeds are kept controlled till 40 DAEe0
- Interactor
- weedse0weed
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 30%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“30% higher grain yield can be obtained if all weeds are kept controlled till 40 DAE.”
t0“maize (Zea mays L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend controlling weeds within the first 40 days for better maize yield.
- Outcome
- control weeds within first 40 days in maize fielde0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“farmer should control weeds within first 40 days in maize field for better grain yield.”
The same questions in other papers
tillage · yield · Zea mays (maize)Positive and negative results
811 papers in the same direction as this paper · 230 in the opposite direction · 57 reporting no difference from an alternative
- no effect
- negative
- no effect
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