Abstract
Powdery mildew (Podosphaera leucotricha (Ell. E tEv.) Salm.) – is one of the most widespread apple diseases in world. Identification of forms, carrying resistance genes, is an important stage in breeding programs aimed at obtaining powdery mildew resistant apple varieties. Diagnostic DNA markers of target genes will increase reliability of identification and efficiency of apple breeding for the creation of resistant genotypes. The purpose of this study was molecular genetic testing of wild species of genus Malus Mill. According to Pl-1, Pl-w and Pl-d powdery mildew resistance genes for revealing polymorphism of the studied loci and identification of valuable genotypes for breeding. The study subjects were the wild species of genus Malus Mill. of different ecological and geographic origin. The Pl-1 gene was identified using AT20-SCAR marker, Pl-w gene - EM M02 marker, Pl-d gene - EM DM01 marker. AT20-SCAR marker (Pl-1 gene) was identified in 37.3 % of genotypes. EM M02 marker (Pl-w gene) was detected in 16.4 % of the studied forms. EM DM01 marker (Pl-d gene) is present in 10.4 % of the analyzed forms. At least one of the studied molecular markers is present in the genome of 52.2 % of apple wild species. The Pl-1 gene in apple wild species is most spread in Baccatae series, the Pl-w gene - in Baccatae and Sieboldinae series, the Pl-d gene - in Orientalis series. Wild species M. baccata 2319, M. mandshurica 41947, M. sachalinensis 85, M. sachalinensis 97, M. purpurea v. pendula 2396 are characterized by combination of Pl-1 and Pl-w genes; M. turkmenorum 13283 and M. turkmenorum 29 421 - Pl-1 and Pl-d genes; M. denticulata 29416 - Pl-w and Pl-d genes, which allows to recommend them as promising complex sources of high powdery mildew resistance for breeding.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
The AT20-SCAR marker for Pl-1 was found in 37.3 % of genotypes.
MalusOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“AT20-SCAR marker (Pl-1 gene) was identified in 37.3 % of genotypes”
t0“Malus”
Claim · model-written summary
The EM M02 marker for Pl-w was detected in 16.4 % of forms.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“EM M02 marker (Pl-w gene) was detected in 16.4 % of the studied forms”
t0“Malus”
Claim · model-written summary
The EM DM01 marker for Pl-d was present in 10.4 % of forms.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“EM DM01 marker (Pl-d gene) is present in 10.4 % of the analyzed forms”
t0“Malus”
Claim · model-written summary
At least one studied marker was present in 52.2 % of wild apple species.
Verbatim
e0“At least one of the studied molecular markers is present in the genome of 52.2 % of apple wild species”
Claim · model-written summary
Pl-1 was most widespread in the Baccatae series.
Verbatim
e0“The Pl-1 gene in apple wild species is most spread in Baccatae series”
Claim · model-written summary
Pl-w was most widespread in the Baccatae and Sieboldinae series.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the Pl-w gene - in Baccatae and Sieboldinae series”
t0“Malus”
Claim · model-written summary
Pl-d was most widespread in the Orientalis series.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the Pl-d gene - in Orientalis series”
t0“Malus”
Claim · model-written summary
Five listed wild accessions combine Pl-1 and Pl-w genes.
Verbatim
e0“Wild species M. baccata 2319, M. mandshurica 41947, M. sachalinensis 85, M. sachalinensis 97, M. purpurea v. pendula 2396 are characterized by combination of Pl-1 and Pl-w genes”
Claim · model-written summary
Two M. turkmenorum accessions combine Pl-1 and Pl-d genes.
- Taxon
- M. turkmenorum
Malus sieversii var. turkmenorume0 - Material
- M. turkmenorum 13283 and M. turkmenorum 29 421e0
- Gene
- Pl-1 and Pl-d genese0
- Outcome
- Pl-1 and Pl-d genese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“M. turkmenorum 13283 and M. turkmenorum 29 421 - Pl-1 and Pl-d genes”
Claim · model-written summary
M. denticulata 29416 combines Pl-w and Pl-d genes.
- Taxon
- M. denticulataMalus denticulatae0
- Material
- M. denticulata 29416e0
- Gene
- Pl-w and Pl-d genese0
- Outcome
- Pl-w and Pl-d genese0
Verbatim
e0“M. denticulata 29416 - Pl-w and Pl-d genes”
Claim · model-written summary
The listed accessions are recommended as complex sources of powdery mildew resistance for breeding.
- Outcome
- promising complex sources of high powdery mildew resistance for breedinge0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“which allows to recommend them as promising complex sources of high powdery mildew resistance for breeding”
t0“Malus”