Abstract
Roses are among the most important ornamental plants in the world. There are many biotic disease factors that cause damage to this important plant. The most important group among these is virus diseases. However, of the studies about rose viruses conducted worldwide, those in Turkey are limited. With the aim of determining the prevalence and genetic diversity of rose viruses, 332 rose plants showing virus and virus-like symptoms were collected in 14 provinces from four different geographic regions of Turkey. The samples were tested to determine the infection of nine different viruses infecting rose plants. As a result of the tests, prunus necrotic ringspot (PNRSV), rose cryptic virus-1 (RCV-1), rose spring dwarf-associated virus (RSDaV), rose yellow vein virus (RYVV), and apple mosaic virus (ApMV) infections were detected. It was determined that 94.27% of the samples were infected with at least one virus infection. While the virus causing the most infection was found to be PNRSV, the least one was determined as ApMV. With this result, PNRSV is determined as a significant virus disease for rose plants in Turkey. Based on their geographical origins, 25 PNRSV and RCV-1 isolates, 15 RSDaV and RYVV isolates, and 10 ApMV isolates were selected for further analysis and their partial genetic diversity was investigated. As a result of these analyzes, it was determined that PNRSV, RCV-1, and RSDaV isolates showed a high-sequence homology with each other and with world isolates. Rose ApMV isolates were found to form separate groups phylogenetically. RYVV, which is known to exist in a very limited number of countries, has been found to have up to 10% genetic differences and phylogenetically, three different groups were determined. Furthermore, to the best of our knowledge, these are the first reports of RCV-1 and RSDaV in Turkey. It was also found that Turkey is still free of rose rosette virus. Therefore, quarantine measurements should continue to be strictly enforced.
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
94.27% of the rose samples were infected with at least one virus.
Verbatim
e0“Roses are among the most important ornamental plants in the world”
e2“It was determined that 94.27% of the samples were infected with at least one virus infection”
Claim · model-written summary
PNRSV caused the most virus infections in roses.
- Taxon
- Rosese0
- Interactor
- PNRSV
.jpg?width=60)
Prunus necrotic ringspot viruse3pathogen - Outcome
- infectione3
- Direction
- moste3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“Roses are among the most important ornamental plants in the world”
e3“While the virus causing the most infection was found to be PNRSV, the least one was determined as ApMV”
Claim · model-written summary
ApMV caused the least virus infections in roses.
- Taxon
- Rosese0
- Interactor
- ApMV
Ilarvirus ApMVe3pathogen - Outcome
- infectione3
- Direction
- leaste3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Roses are among the most important ornamental plants in the world”
e3“While the virus causing the most infection was found to be PNRSV, the least one was determined as ApMV”
Claim · model-written summary
PNRSV and RCV-1 infections were detected in rose plants, with RSDaV also detected.
- Taxon
- Rosese0
- Interactor
- prunus necrotic ringspot (PNRSV)Prunus necrotic ringspot viruse1pathogen
- Second interactor
- rose cryptic virus-1 (RCV-1)e1pathogen
- Outcome
- infections were detectede1
- Qualifier
- rose spring dwarf-associated virus (RSDaV)e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Roses are among the most important ornamental plants in the world”
e1“As a result of the tests, prunus necrotic ringspot (PNRSV), rose cryptic virus-1 (RCV-1), rose spring dwarf-associated virus (RSDaV), rose yellow vein virus (RYVV), and apple mosaic virus (ApMV) infections were detected”
Claim · model-written summary
RYVV and ApMV infections were detected in rose plants.
- Taxon
- Rosese0
- Interactor
- rose yellow vein virus (RYVV)Rose yellow vein viruse1pathogen
- Second interactor
- apple mosaic virus (ApMV)Ilarvirus ApMVe1pathogen
- Outcome
- infections were detectede1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Roses are among the most important ornamental plants in the world”
e1“As a result of the tests, prunus necrotic ringspot (PNRSV), rose cryptic virus-1 (RCV-1), rose spring dwarf-associated virus (RSDaV), rose yellow vein virus (RYVV), and apple mosaic virus (ApMV) infections were detected”
Claim · model-written summary
PNRSV, RCV-1 and RSDaV isolates showed high sequence homology with each other and with world isolates.
- Taxon
- Rosese0
- Interactor
- PNRSVPrunus necrotic ringspot viruse4pathogen
- Second interactor
- RCV-1e4pathogen
- Outcome
- sequence homologye4
- Direction
- highe4
- Qualifier
- with each other and with world isolatese4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Roses are among the most important ornamental plants in the world”
e4“As a result of these analyzes, it was determined that PNRSV, RCV-1, and RSDaV isolates showed a high-sequence homology with each other and with world isolates”
Claim · model-written summary
ApMV isolates from roses formed separate groups phylogenetically.
- Taxon
- Rosese0
- Interactor
- ApMVIlarvirus ApMVe5pathogen
- Outcome
- form separate groups phylogeneticallye5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Roses are among the most important ornamental plants in the world”
e5“Rose ApMV isolates were found to form separate groups phylogenetically”
Claim · model-written summary
RYVV isolates showed up to 10% genetic differences.
Verbatim
e0“Roses are among the most important ornamental plants in the world”
e6“RYVV, which is known to exist in a very limited number of countries, has been found to have up to 10% genetic differences and phylogenetically, three different groups were determined”
Claim · model-written summary
RYVV isolates were determined to form three different phylogenetic groups.
Verbatim
e0“Roses are among the most important ornamental plants in the world”
e6“RYVV, which is known to exist in a very limited number of countries, has been found to have up to 10% genetic differences and phylogenetically, three different groups were determined”
Claim · model-written summary
RCV-1 and RSDaV were first reported in Turkey in roses.
Verbatim
e0“Roses are among the most important ornamental plants in the world”
e7“Furthermore, to the best of our knowledge, these are the first reports of RCV-1 and RSDaV in Turkey”
Claim · model-written summary
Turkey is still free of rose rosette virus.
- Taxon
- Rosese0
- Interactor
- rose rosette virus
Emaravirus rosaee2pathogen - Outcome
- free of rose rosette viruse2
- Setting
- Turkeye2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Roses are among the most important ornamental plants in the world”
e2“It was also found that Turkey is still free of rose rosette virus”
Claim · model-written summary
PNRSV is a significant virus disease for rose plants in Turkey.
- Taxon
- rose plantse1
- Interactor
- PNRSVPrunus necrotic ringspot viruse1pathogen
- Outcome
- significant virus disease for rose plantse1
- Setting
- Turkeye1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“With this result, PNRSV is determined as a significant virus disease for rose plants in Turkey”
Claim · model-written summary
Quarantine measures against rose viruses should continue to be strictly enforced in Turkey.
Verbatim
e0“Roses are among the most important ornamental plants in the world”
e2“Therefore, quarantine measurements should continue to be strictly enforced”