Abstract
[Aim] To investigate the nectar-robbing behavior of Megachile(Xanthosaurus)japonica Alfken on its nectar plant Thermopsis lupinoides(L.)in Mu Us sandland,Inner Mongolia.[Methods] During the flowering season of T.lupinoides,we investigated the main pollinators and observed the robbing behavior of M.japonica on T.lupinoides,and recorded the position of holes in the corolla tube chewed by robbers at the base of flowers near the nectar spur.[Results] M.japonica is the dominant pollinator of T.lupinoides.As primary robbers,M.japonica bees cut a longitudinal split at the base of flowers by mandibles and obtain nectar through it,while directly obtain nectar without making holes when they act as secondary robbers.They did not show an tendency to seek pre-cut robbing holes,but individuals displayed a preference for one side of the flowers.In 13 plots,the percentage of nectar robbing from blooming flowers was from 95.4% to 100%,and only reached 64.7% in buds.[Conclusions] M.japonica is not only the main pollinator but also the primary robber and secondary robber of T.lupinoides in Mu Us sandland.
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Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
Megachile japonica is the dominant pollinator of Thermopsis lupinoides.
- Taxon
- T.lupinoides
Thermopsis fabaceae1 - Interactor
- M.japonicae1pollinator
- Outcome
- dominant pollinatore1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“M.japonica is the dominant pollinator of T.lupinoides”
t0“Thermopsis lupinoides”
Claim · model-written summary
As primary robber, Megachile japonica cut a longitudinal split at the base of Thermopsis lupinoides flowers with its mandibles.
- Taxon
- Thermopsis lupinoidesThermopsis fabaceat0
- Interactor
- M.japonicae2other
- Outcome
- cut a longitudinal split at the base of flowerse2
- Qualifier
- primary robberse2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Thermopsis lupinoides”
e2“As primary robbers,M.japonica bees cut a longitudinal split at the base of flowers by mandibles and obtain nectar through it,while directly obtain nectar without making holes when they act as secondary robbers”
Claim · model-written summary
As secondary robber, Megachile japonica obtained nectar directly without making holes.
- Taxon
- Thermopsis lupinoidesThermopsis fabaceat0
- Interactor
- M.japonicae2other
- Outcome
- directly obtain nectar without making holese2
- Qualifier
- secondary robberse2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Thermopsis lupinoides”
e2“As primary robbers,M.japonica bees cut a longitudinal split at the base of flowers by mandibles and obtain nectar through it,while directly obtain nectar without making holes when they act as secondary robbers”
Claim · model-written summary
Megachile japonica did not show a tendency to seek pre-cut robbing holes.
- Taxon
- Thermopsis lupinoidesThermopsis fabaceat0
- Outcome
- tendency to seek pre-cut robbing holese3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Thermopsis lupinoides”
e3“They did not show an tendency to seek pre-cut robbing holes”
Claim · model-written summary
Megachile japonica individuals displayed a preference for one side of the flowers.
- Taxon
- Thermopsis lupinoidesThermopsis fabaceat0
- Outcome
- preference for one side of the flowerse4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Thermopsis lupinoides”
e4“individuals displayed a preference for one side of the flowers”
Claim · model-written summary
Nectar robbing from blooming flowers ranged from 95.4% to 100% across 13 plots.
- Taxon
- Thermopsis lupinoidesThermopsis fabaceat0
- Organ / stage
- blooming flowerse5
- Outcome
- percentage of nectar robbinge5
- Value
- 95.4% to 100%e5
- Setting
- 13 plotse5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Thermopsis lupinoides”
e5“In 13 plots,the percentage of nectar robbing from blooming flowers was from 95.4% to 100%,and only reached 64.7% in buds”
Claim · model-written summary
Nectar robbing reached only 64.7% in buds of Thermopsis lupinoides.
- Taxon
- Thermopsis lupinoidesThermopsis fabaceat0
- Organ / stage
- budse5
- Outcome
- percentage of nectar robbinge5
- Value
- 64.7%e5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Thermopsis lupinoides”
e5“In 13 plots,the percentage of nectar robbing from blooming flowers was from 95.4% to 100%,and only reached 64.7% in buds”