Paper · 2021 · Southwestern Entomologist

Increase in Importance of Aphelinus nigritus (Howard) on Winter Crops in Oklahoma Coincides with Invasion of Sugarcane Aphid on Sorghum in Oklahoma

K. L. Giles; N. C. Elliott; H. E. Butler; et al.

5
claims
9
verbatim quotes
11
citations
1
research areas
—
Not open access

Abstract

Aphid parasitoids on the Southern Great Plains provide important pest suppression services in summer and winter crops. The primary parasitoids Lysiphlebus testaceipes (Cresson), Aphelinus nigritus (Howard), and Diaretiella rapae (McIntosh) use multiple aphid host species on multiple crops in agricultural landscapes and historically, L. testaceipes has been the most abundant and arguably most important. However, after the sugarcane aphid, Melanaphis sacchari (Zehntner), infested sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) on the Southern Plains, A. nigritus increased in abundance and impact on this summer crop. We hypothesized that A. nigritus also would be more abundant in fields of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and winter canola (Brassica napus L.) in the region following the sugarcane aphid. From 2016-2019, we documented aphid parasitoid abundance and percentage of parasitism in Oklahoma winter crops during late fall and early spring using a standardized sentinel aphid deployment retrieval and rearing approach. Unexpectedly, A. nigritus was relatively abundant during Fall 2016, parasitizing as many as 5.4% of sentinel aphids in winter wheat fields which was more than the typically dominant parasitoid L. testaceipes. However, percentage of parasitism by A. nigritus decreased during the study. Our results suggested that abundance of A. nigritus mirrored those of sugarcane aphids in the region, and the temporary presence of the parasitoid in winter crops reflected dynamics at a landscape level.

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Claims 5

Associationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Aphelinus nigritus increased in abundance and impact on sorghum after the sugarcane aphid infested sorghum.

Taxon
sorghumSorghume0
Interactor
A. nigrituse0biocontrol_agent
Second interactor
Melanaphis sacchariMelanaphis saccharie0pest
Outcome
abundance and impacte0
Direction
increasede0
Setting
Southern Plainse0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Sorghum
Sorghum · Taxon · picture of the genus (one of its species)Evelyn Simak · CC BY-SA 2.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“after the sugarcane aphid, Melanaphis sacchari (Zehntner), infested sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) on the Southern Plains, A. nigritus increased in abundance and impact on this summer crop”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 415–610 · show in text ↑
Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Aphelinus nigritus was relatively abundant in winter wheat during Fall 2016.

Taxon
winter wheatTriticum aestivume1
Interactor
A. nigrituse2biocontrol_agent
Outcome
relatively abundante2

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Triticum aestivum
Triticum aestivum · TaxonRasbak · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e1

“parasitizing as many as 5.4% of sentinel aphids in winter wheat fields”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1097–1167 · show in text ↑
e2

“A. nigritus was relatively abundant during Fall 2016, parasitizing as many as 5.4% of sentinel aphids in winter wheat fields which was more than the typically dominant parasitoid L. testaceipes”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1043–1236 · show in text ↑
Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Aphelinus nigritus parasitized as many as 5.4% of sentinel aphids in winter wheat fields, more than L. testaceipes.

Taxon
winter wheatTriticum aestivume1
Interactor
sentinel aphidse2pest
Second interactor
A. nigrituse2biocontrol_agent
Outcome
parasitizinge2
Direction
moree2
Value
5.4%e2
Comparator
L. testaceipese2

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Triticum aestivum
Triticum aestivum · TaxonRasbak · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e1

“parasitizing as many as 5.4% of sentinel aphids in winter wheat fields”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1097–1167 · show in text ↑
e2

“A. nigritus was relatively abundant during Fall 2016, parasitizing as many as 5.4% of sentinel aphids in winter wheat fields which was more than the typically dominant parasitoid L. testaceipes”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1043–1236 · show in text ↑
Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Percentage of parasitism by Aphelinus nigritus decreased during the study.

Taxon
winter wheatTriticum aestivume1
Interactor
A. nigrituse3biocontrol_agent
Outcome
percentage of parasitisme3
Direction
decreasede3
Qualifier
during the studye3

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Triticum aestivum
Triticum aestivum · TaxonRasbak · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e1

“parasitizing as many as 5.4% of sentinel aphids in winter wheat fields”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1097–1167 · show in text ↑
e3

“However, percentage of parasitism by A. nigritus decreased during the study”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1238–1313 · show in text ↑
Associationauthor interpretationoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Abundance of Aphelinus nigritus mirrored that of sugarcane aphids in the region.

Taxon
winter wheatTriticum aestivume1
Interactor
A. nigrituse4biocontrol_agent
Second interactor
sugarcane aphidse4pest
Outcome
abundancee4

Not reportedDirection

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Triticum aestivum
Triticum aestivum · TaxonRasbak · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e1

“parasitizing as many as 5.4% of sentinel aphids in winter wheat fields”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1097–1167 · show in text ↑
e4

“Our results suggested that abundance of A. nigritus mirrored those of sugarcane aphids in the region”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1315–1415 · show in text ↑