Paper · 2021 · International Journal of Biological and Chemical Sciences

Spatial structure and factors determining tree mortality in Beninese forest formations

Gilbert Atindogbe; Gabin Finangnon Laly; Hospice Afouda Akpo; et al.

8
claims
12
verbatim quotes
0
citations
2
research areas
✓
Open access · cc-by-nc-sa

Abstract

Dead wood plays an important role in the functioning of forest ecosystems through nutrient cycles, soil fertility balance and temporary carbon storage. This research evaluates the dead wood potential, spatial structure of dead trees and factors influencing tree mortality in natural woodlands in Benin. Data were collected in eleven square plots of 10,000 m2, established in six classified forests and hunting areas of the W and Pendjari national parks. The spatial structure was investigated using Ripley's K function, and a multiple regression with variable selection allowed the identification of the biotic and abiotic factors that have an effect on dead wood density in the study areas. The density of dead wood was 32 stems/hectare, while mean quadratic diameter and basal area were 17.2 cm and 0.88 m2.ha-1, respectively. There was random and regular spatial distribution of dead trees without a positive interaction between dead and living trees, thereby pointing to fire as the main factor of tree mortality. Other factors influencing tree mortality included attacks by saproxylic animal species and other wood pests, and senescence. This study suggests that an integration of dead trees in management plans may be essential for the proper functioning of Benin's forest ecosystems. Le bois mort joue un rôle important dans le fonctionnement de l’écosystème forestier de par sa position dans les cycles de matière, le maintien de la fertilité des sols, le stockage temporaire du carbone, et par son rôle dans la structuration physique des sols. Cette recherche évalue sur la base de onze placettes carrées de 10.000 m2, installées dans six (06) forêts classées et des zones cynégétiques des parcs nationaux W et Pendjari, le potentiel en bois morts, la structure spatiale des arbres morts et les facteurs influençant la mort des arbres dans les formations naturelles du Bénin. La structure spatiale est étudiée au moyen de la fonction K de Ripley et une régression multiple avec sélection de variables a permis d’identifier les facteurs biotiques et abiotiques qui ont un effet sur la densité en bois morts dans lesdites formations. Les paramètres dendrométriques des arbres morts dans les formations naturelles étudiées sont caractérisés par avec une densité à l’hectare de 32 tiges, un diamètre quadratique moyen de 17,2 cm et une surface terrière de 0,88 m2.ha-1. La structure spatiale affiche une distribution spatiale aléatoire et régulière des arbres morts sans aucune interaction positive entre arbres morts et vivants suggérant le feu comme principal facteur de mortalité des arbres. Les autres facteurs influençant le recrutement en bois morts sont les attaques des espèces animales saproxyliques ou autres ravageurs des bois et la sénescence. L’intégration des arbres morts dans les plans aménagements est alors indispensable pour assurer un très bon fonctionnement des écosystèmes forestiers du Bénin.

Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record; open copy licensed cc-by-nc-sa. Read at the source ↗

The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.

Claims 8

Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Dead wood density was 32 stems/hectare.

Taxon
treet0
Outcome
density of dead woode0
Value
32 stems/hectaree0

Verbatim

e0

“The density of dead wood was 32 stems/hectare”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 692–737 · show in text ↑
t0

“tree mortality”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 42–56 · show in text ↑
Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Mean quadratic diameter was 17.2 cm.

Taxon
treet0
Outcome
mean quadratic diametere0
Value
17.2 cme0

Verbatim

e0

“mean quadratic diameter and basal area were 17.2 cm and 0.88 m2.ha-1, respectively”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 745–827 · show in text ↑
t0

“tree mortality”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 42–56 · show in text ↑
Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Basal area was 0.88 m2.ha-1.

Taxon
treet0
Outcome
basal areae0
Value
0.88 m2.ha-1e0

Verbatim

e0

“mean quadratic diameter and basal area were 17.2 cm and 0.88 m2.ha-1, respectively”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 745–827 · show in text ↑
t0

“tree mortality”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 42–56 · show in text ↑
Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Dead trees showed random and regular spatial distributions.

Taxon
treese0
Outcome
random and regular spatial distribution of dead treese0

Verbatim

e0

“There was random and regular spatial distribution of dead trees”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 829–892 · show in text ↑
Associationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Dead and living trees lacked positive spatial interaction.

Taxon
treese0
Organ / stage
dead and living treese0
Outcome
positive interaction between dead and living treese0
Direction
no_changeinferrede0

Verbatim

e0

“without a positive interaction between dead and living trees”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 893–953 · show in text ↑
Associationauthor interpretationoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Fire was inferred as the main tree mortality factor.

Taxon
treet0
Outcome
tree mortalitye0
Setting
firee0

Not reportedDirection

Verbatim

e0

“thereby pointing to fire as the main factor of tree mortality”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 955–1016 · show in text ↑
t0

“tree mortality”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 42–56 · show in text ↑
Associationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Senescence also influenced tree mortality.

Taxon
treee0
Organ / stage
senescencee0
Outcome
tree mortalitye0

Not reportedDirection

Verbatim

e0

“Other factors influencing tree mortality included attacks by saproxylic animal species and other wood pests, and senescence”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1018–1141 · show in text ↑
Recommendationauthor interpretationoriginal resultbasis n/a

Claim · model-written summary

Authors suggest including dead trees in management plans.

Taxon
treese0
Outcome
integration of dead trees in management planse0

Verbatim

e0

“an integration of dead trees in management plans may be essential for the proper functioning of Benin's forest ecosystems”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1168–1289 · show in text ↑