Abstract
The cost of chemical fertilizers is increasing and becoming unaffordable for smallholders in Africa. The present study aimed to assess the impact of combined fertilization strategies using urea and animal manure (beef cattle manure and poultry litter manure) on rice yield and nutrient uptake. For this, a field experiment was carried out on a loam sandy soil in the Chókwè Irrigation Scheme. We set seven treatments in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD), namely: T0: no fertilizer, T1: 100% urea, T2: 100% beef cattle manure, T3: 100% poultry litter, T4: 50% urea + 50% beef cattle manure, T5: 50% urea + 50% poultry litter and T6: 40% urea + 30% beef cattle manure + 30% poultry litter, replicated four times each. All treatments, except T0, received an amount of nitrogen (N) equivalent to 100 kgN·ha−1. Results revealed that the highest yield grain (425 g·m−2), plant height (115 cm), number of tillers (18) and thousand-grain weight (34g) were observed in treatments combining urea with manure (T4, T5 and T6) indicating that N supply in the mixture (urea + manure) is more efficient than in isolated applications of N (T1, T2 and T3). The data obtained in this study suggest that a combination of fertilizers (T6) lead to competitive yields and is thus recommended for best soil management practices.
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Claims 6
Claim · model-written summary
Combined urea and manure gave the highest grain yield of 425 g·m−2.
- Taxon
- Rice
Oryza sativat0 - Treatment
- treatments combining urea with manure (T4, T5 and T6)e0
- Outcome
- yield graine0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 425 g·m−2e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the highest yield grain (425 g·m−2), plant height (115 cm), number of tillers (18) and thousand-grain weight (34g) were observed in treatments combining urea with manure (T4, T5 and T6)”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined urea and manure gave the highest plant height of 115 cm.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- treatments combining urea with manure (T4, T5 and T6)e0
- Outcome
- plant heighte0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 115 cme0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the highest yield grain (425 g·m−2), plant height (115 cm), number of tillers (18) and thousand-grain weight (34g) were observed in treatments combining urea with manure (T4, T5 and T6)”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined urea and manure gave the highest tiller number of 18.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- treatments combining urea with manure (T4, T5 and T6)e0
- Outcome
- number of tillerse0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 18e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the highest yield grain (425 g·m−2), plant height (115 cm), number of tillers (18) and thousand-grain weight (34g) were observed in treatments combining urea with manure (T4, T5 and T6)”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined urea and manure gave the highest thousand grain weight of 34g.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- treatments combining urea with manure (T4, T5 and T6)e0
- Outcome
- thousand-grain weighte0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 34ge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the highest yield grain (425 g·m−2), plant height (115 cm), number of tillers (18) and thousand-grain weight (34g) were observed in treatments combining urea with manure (T4, T5 and T6)”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen supply in the mixture was more efficient than isolated applications.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- mixture (urea + manure)e0
- Outcome
- N supplye0
- Direction
- more efficiente0
- Comparator
- isolated applications of N (T1, T2 and T3)e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“N supply in the mixture (urea + manure) is more efficient than in isolated applications of N (T1, T2 and T3)”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend T6 for soil management because it gives competitive yields.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- combination of fertilizers (T6)e0
- Outcome
- best soil management practicese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“a combination of fertilizers (T6) lead to competitive yields and is thus recommended for best soil management practices”
t0“Rice”
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