Abstract
A sustainable pest management in agro-ecosystems requires parallel assessments of pesticide and natural compounds to control target pests. In the present study, a semi-field experiment was conducted to evaluate the relative toxicity of abamectin (Abamax), humic acid, and Chitosan Nano-Particles (C.N.Ps) against four soybean pests: Tetranychus urticae , Eutetranychus orientalis , Bemisia tabaci , and Phenacoccus solenopsis . The experimental treatments were arranged in a split-plot design with three replicates, where treatments were assigned to main plots and pest populations under different periods in the subplots. The obtained results and graphs demonstrated that there were considerable differences between the total numbers of pests after different periods of treatment. Generally, E. orientalis recorded the minimum pest number at all. Different tested compounds demonstrated a considerable correlation between the densities of the pests. T. urticae exhibited a significant correlation with the other three pests ( E. orientalis , B. tabaci , and P. solenopsis ). E. orientalis did not correlate with B. tabaci and P. solenopsis . The humic acid recorded the best effect on T. urticae after 3 days with a reduction of 85.45% and E. orientalis after 7 days 65.55%. However, Chitosan Nano-Particles (C.N.Ps) was the best for E. orientalis after 14 days (mortality 74.36%). In contrast, abamectin (Abamax) had a general mean of reduction of 91.17% against T. urticae , whenever, these compounds are promising for controlling T. urticae , E. orientalis , B. tabaci , and P. solenopsis . These results may be a supporting method to overcome some soybean pests. The findings are discussed within the context of integrated management of soybean pests under semi-field conditions.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Humic acid reduced Tetranychus urticae in soybean by 85.45% after 3 days.
- Taxon
- soybean
Glycine maxt0 - Treatment
- humic acide1
- Interactor
- T. urticae
.jpg?width=60)
Tetranychus urticaee1pest - Outcome
- reductione1
- Direction
- reductione1
- Value
- 85.45%e1
- Qualifier
- after 3 dayse1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
t0“soybean pests”
e1“humic acid recorded the best effect on T. urticae after 3 days with a reduction of 85.45%”
Claim · model-written summary
Humic acid reduced Eutetranychus orientalis in soybean by 65.55% after 7 days.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- humic acide2
- Interactor
- E. orientalis
_Figure_47.jpg?width=60)
Eutetranychus orientalise2pest - Outcome
- reductione2
- Direction
- decreaseinferrede2
- Value
- 65.55%e2
- Qualifier
- after 7 dayse2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_Figure_47.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
t0“soybean pests”
e2“humic acid recorded the best effect on T. urticae after 3 days with a reduction of 85.45% and E. orientalis after 7 days 65.55%”
Claim · model-written summary
Chitosan nanoparticles gave the highest mortality of E. orientalis in soybean after 14 days, 74.36%.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- Chitosan Nano-Particles (C.N.Ps)e3
- Interactor
- E. orientalisEutetranychus orientalise3pest
- Outcome
- mortalitye3
- Direction
- increaseinferrede3
- Value
- 74.36%e3
- Qualifier
- after 14 dayse3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“soybean pests”
e3“However, Chitosan Nano-Particles (C.N.Ps) was the best for E. orientalis after 14 days (mortality 74.36%)”
Claim · model-written summary
Abamectin reduced Tetranychus urticae in soybean by 91.17% on general mean.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- abamectin (Abamax)e4
- Interactor
- T. urticaeTetranychus urticaee4pest
- Outcome
- reductione4
- Direction
- reductione4
- Value
- 91.17%e4
- Qualifier
- general meane4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“soybean pests”
e4“In contrast, abamectin (Abamax) had a general mean of reduction of 91.17% against T. urticae”
Claim · model-written summary
The tested compounds show a considerable correlation between the densities of soybean pests.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- Different tested compoundse5
- Outcome
- correlation between the densities of the pestse5
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“soybean pests”
e5“Different tested compounds demonstrated a considerable correlation between the densities of the pests”
Claim · model-written summary
Tetranychus urticae shows a significant correlation with the other three soybean pests.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Interactor
- T. urticaeTetranychus urticaee6pest
- Outcome
- correlatione6
- Qualifier
- with the other three pestse6
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“soybean pests”
e6“T. urticae exhibited a significant correlation with the other three pests”
Claim · model-written summary
Eutetranychus orientalis does not correlate with Bemisia tabaci or Phenacoccus solenopsis in soybean.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Interactor
- E. orientalisEutetranychus orientalise7pest
- Outcome
- correlatee7
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“soybean pests”
e7“E. orientalis did not correlate with B. tabaci and P. solenopsis”
Claim · model-written summary
Eutetranychus orientalis recorded the minimum pest number in soybean.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Interactor
- E. orientalisEutetranychus orientalise1pest
- Outcome
- pest numbere1
- Direction
- minimume1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“soybean pests”
e1“Generally, E. orientalis recorded the minimum pest number at all”
Claim · model-written summary
Pest numbers in soybean differ considerably between periods of treatment.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- different periods of treatmente1
- Outcome
- total numbers of pestse1
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“soybean pests”
e1“there were considerable differences between the total numbers of pests after different periods of treatment”
Claim · model-written summary
The compounds are recommended as promising for controlling soybean pests such as T. urticae, E. orientalis, B. tabaci and P. solenopsis.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Interactor
- T. urticaeTetranychus urticaee1pest
- Second interactor
- E. orientalisEutetranychus orientalise1pest
- Outcome
- controllinge1
- Qualifier
- B. tabaci , and P. solenopsise1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“soybean pests”
e1“these compounds are promising for controlling T. urticae , E. orientalis , B. tabaci , and P. solenopsis”
The same questions in other papers
abamectin · Tetranychus urticae · Glycine max (soybean)Results agree
4 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
1 paper more in this group
See all 5 papers →other · Tetranychus urticae · Glycine max (soybean)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.