Abstract
Migration of Boreotropical megathermal taxa during the Oligocene and Miocene played a key role in assembling diversity in tropical regions. Despite scattered fossil reports, the cashew genus Anacardium offers an excellent example of such migration. The fossil woods described here come from localities in Veraguas, Panama mapped as Oligocene-Miocene. We studied, described, and identified two well-preserved specimens using wood anatomical characteristics and completed extensive comparisons between fossil and extant material. The studied fossil woods share several diagnostic features with the modern Anacardium genus, including large solitary vessels, large intervessel-pitting, a simple vessel-ray pitting pattern, and mostly 1-3 seriate rays with large rhomboidal solitary crystals. We propose a new fossil species named Anacardium gassonii sp. nov., that adds an essential piece to the understanding of the historical biogeography of the genus. In addition, our findings confirm previous interpretations of this species' migration from Europe to North America and its crossing through Panama, leading to subsequent diversification in South America. This discovery provides an important link to the historical migration patterns of the genus, supporting the notion of an Eocene migration to the Neotropics via Boreotropical bridges, as well as an Oligocene-Miocene crossing of Central America followed by diversification in South America.
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Claims 6
Claim · model-written summary
A new fossil Anacardium species, Anacardium gassonii sp. nov., is proposed from fossil woods in Veraguas, Panama.
- Taxon
- Anacardium
Anacardiume2 - Organ / stage
- fossil woodse3
- Outcome
- new fossil species named Anacardium gassonii sp. nov.e1
- Setting
- Veraguas, Panamae3
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“We propose a new fossil species named Anacardium gassonii sp. nov.”
e2“the cashew genus Anacardium offers an excellent example of such migration”
e3“The fossil woods described here come from localities in Veraguas, Panama mapped as Oligocene-Miocene”
Claim · model-written summary
The fossil woods share large solitary vessels, large intervessel-pitting and a simple vessel-ray pitting pattern with the modern Anacardium genus.
- Taxon
- AnacardiumAnacardiume4
- Organ / stage
- fossil woodse4
- Outcome
- large solitary vessels, large intervessel-pitting, a simple vessel-ray pitting patterne4
- Comparator
- modern Anacardium genuse4
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e4“The studied fossil woods share several diagnostic features with the modern Anacardium genus, including large solitary vessels, large intervessel-pitting, a simple vessel-ray pitting pattern”
Claim · model-written summary
The fossil woods share mostly 1-3 seriate rays with large rhomboidal solitary crystals with the modern Anacardium genus.
- Taxon
- AnacardiumAnacardiume4
- Organ / stage
- fossil woodse4
- Outcome
- mostly 1-3 seriate rays with large rhomboidal solitary crystalse5
- Comparator
- modern Anacardium genuse4
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e4“The studied fossil woods share several diagnostic features with the modern Anacardium genus, including large solitary vessels, large intervessel-pitting, a simple vessel-ray pitting pattern”
e5“and mostly 1-3 seriate rays with large rhomboidal solitary crystals”
Claim · model-written summary
The findings confirm previous interpretations of the migration of Anacardium from Europe to North America and its crossing through Panama.
- Taxon
- AnacardiumAnacardiume2
- Outcome
- migration from Europe to North America and its crossing through Panamae6
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e6“our findings confirm previous interpretations of this species' migration from Europe to North America and its crossing through Panama”
e2“the cashew genus Anacardium offers an excellent example of such migration”
Claim · model-written summary
The fossil woods support an Eocene migration of Anacardium to the Neotropics via Boreotropical bridges.
- Taxon
- AnacardiumAnacardiume2
- Outcome
- Eocene migration to the Neotropics via Boreotropical bridgese7
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e7“supporting the notion of an Eocene migration to the Neotropics via Boreotropical bridges”
e2“the cashew genus Anacardium offers an excellent example of such migration”
Claim · model-written summary
The fossil woods support an Oligocene-Miocene crossing of Central America by Anacardium followed by diversification in South America.
- Taxon
- AnacardiumAnacardiume2
- Outcome
- Oligocene-Miocene crossing of Central America followed by diversification in South Americae0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“as well as an Oligocene-Miocene crossing of Central America followed by diversification in South America”
e2“the cashew genus Anacardium offers an excellent example of such migration”