Abstract
Production landscapes depend on, but also affect, ecosystem services. In the Rejoso watershed (East Java, Indonesia), uncontrolled groundwater use for paddies reduces flow of lowland pressure-driven artesian springs that supply drinking water to urban stakeholders. Analysis of the water balance suggested that the decline by about 30% in spring discharge in the past decades is attributed for 47 and 53%, respectively, to upland degradation and lowland groundwater abstraction. Consequently, current spring restoration efforts support upland agroforestry development while aiming to reduce lowland groundwater wasting. To clarify spatial and social targeting of lowland interventions five clusters (replicable patterns) of lowland paddy farming were distinguished from spatial data on, among other factors, reliance on river versus artesian wells delivering groundwater, use of crop rotation, rice yield, fertiliser rates and intensity of rodent control. A survey of farming households (461 respondents), complemented and verified through in-depth interviews and group discussions, identified opportunities for interventions and associated risks. Changes in artesian well design, allowing outflow control, can support water-saving, sustainable paddy cultivation methods. With rodents as a major yield-reducing factor, solutions likely depend on more synchronized planting calendars and thus on collective action for effectiveness at scale. Interventions based on this design are currently tested.
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Claims 4
Claim · model-written summary
Five clusters of paddy farming were distinguished using spatial data including rice yield and management.
- Taxon
- Rice
Oryza sativat0 - Outcome
- clusters (replicable patterns) of lowland paddy farminge0
- Value
- fivee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Rice”
e0“five clusters (replicable patterns) of lowland paddy farming were distinguished from spatial data on, among other factors, reliance on river versus artesian wells delivering groundwater, use of crop rotation, rice yield, fertiliser rates and intensity of rodent control”
Claim · model-written summary
Outflow-controllable artesian wells can support water-saving paddy cultivation.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- Changes in artesian well design, allowing outflow controle0
- Outcome
- water-saving, sustainable paddy cultivation methodse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Rice”
e0“Changes in artesian well design, allowing outflow control, can support water-saving, sustainable paddy cultivation methods”
Claim · model-written summary
Rodents were a major factor reducing paddy yield.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Outcome
- yield-reducing factore0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Rice”
e0“rodents as a major yield-reducing factor”
Claim · model-written summary
Synchronized planting calendars and collective action are proposed for rodent management at scale.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Outcome
- more synchronized planting calendarse0
- Qualifier
- collective action for effectiveness at scalee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Rice”
e0“solutions likely depend on more synchronized planting calendars and thus on collective action for effectiveness at scale”