Abstract
The hibiscus mealybug, Maconellicoccus hirsutus (Green) (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) is an important pest on grapevine, guava, soybean, peanut and other plants in various locations in Egypt. In addition to debilitating the host plant due to the loss of sap, the resulting honeydew becomes covered in a thick mat of sooty mould, severely reducing respiration and photosynthesis. This paper presents the results of laboratory and field tests on the effect of natural compounds (Biofly and NeemAzal) and the formulated compounds (Super Mesrona oil and Sumithion) on M. hirsutus and its parasitoids and predators. The laboratory tests indicated that the effect of Sumithion on the mealybug and its natural enemies ranged from 58-98%, Biofly from 15-80%, Super Mesrona oil from 24-98% and NeemAzal from 17-73%, respectively. For the field tests the results indicated that Biofly gave moderate results against nymphs of M. hirsutus, with mean mortality for the two years of 41 & 36% after 3 days, 55 & 51% after 7 days and 58 & 53% after 15 days, while the parasitoids Anagyrus kamali and A. pseudococci (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) and Allotropa mecrida (Hymenoptera: Platygastridae) had mortalities of 61 & 48%, 66 & 59%, 55 & 47% respectively for the same periods in the 2 years. The predators Scymnus seriacus (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) had 50 & 37% mortality and Chrysopa vulgaris aegyptica (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) had 53 & 41% mortality after 15 days respectively. On the other hand, Sumithion had high efficacy against nymphs of M. hirsutus, with percent reductions of 95%, 96% and 91% for 2008 and 91%, 93% and 88% for 2009. The parasitoids A. kamali, A. pseudococci and A. mecrida had mortalities of 95 & 93%, 90 & 87% and 93 & 90% respectively after 15 days in the two years, while the predators, Scymnus seriacus and Chrysopa vulgaris aegyptica had percent reductions of 88 & 84% and 85 & 82% after 15 days in the 2 years.
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Claims 16
Claim · model-written summary
In laboratory tests, Sumithion gave a 58-98% effect on the hibiscus mealybug and its natural enemies.
- Taxon
- grapevine, guava, soybean, peanut
Vitis
Arachis hypogaea
Glycine max
Psidium guajavae0 - Treatment
- Sumithione1
- Interactor
- mealybuge1pest
- Outcome
- the mealybug and its natural enemiese1
- Direction
- increaseinferrede1
- Value
- 58-98%e1
- Setting
- laboratorye1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“pest on grapevine, guava, soybean, peanut and other plants”
e1“The laboratory tests indicated that the effect of Sumithion on the mealybug and its natural enemies ranged from 58-98%, Biofly from 15-80%, Super Mesrona oil from 24-98% and NeemAzal from 17-73%, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
In laboratory tests, Biofly gave a 15-80% effect on the hibiscus mealybug and its natural enemies.
- Taxon
- grapevine, guava, soybean, peanutVitisArachis hypogaeaGlycine maxPsidium guajavae0
- Treatment
- Bioflye1
- Interactor
- mealybuge1pest
- Outcome
- the mealybug and its natural enemiese1
- Direction
- increaseinferrede1
- Value
- 15-80%e1
- Setting
- laboratorye1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“pest on grapevine, guava, soybean, peanut and other plants”
e1“The laboratory tests indicated that the effect of Sumithion on the mealybug and its natural enemies ranged from 58-98%, Biofly from 15-80%, Super Mesrona oil from 24-98% and NeemAzal from 17-73%, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
In laboratory tests, Super Mesrona oil gave a 24-98% effect on the hibiscus mealybug and its natural enemies.
- Taxon
- grapevine, guava, soybean, peanutVitisArachis hypogaeaGlycine maxPsidium guajavae0
- Treatment
- Super Mesrona oile1
- Interactor
- mealybuge1pest
- Outcome
- the mealybug and its natural enemiese1
- Direction
- increaseinferrede1
- Value
- 24-98%e1
- Setting
- laboratorye1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“pest on grapevine, guava, soybean, peanut and other plants”
e1“The laboratory tests indicated that the effect of Sumithion on the mealybug and its natural enemies ranged from 58-98%, Biofly from 15-80%, Super Mesrona oil from 24-98% and NeemAzal from 17-73%, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
In laboratory tests, NeemAzal gave a 17-73% effect on the hibiscus mealybug and its natural enemies.
- Taxon
- grapevine, guava, soybean, peanutVitisArachis hypogaeaGlycine maxPsidium guajavae0
- Treatment
- NeemAzale1
- Interactor
- mealybuge1pest
- Outcome
- the mealybug and its natural enemiese1
- Direction
- increaseinferrede1
- Value
- 17-73%e1
- Setting
- laboratorye1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“pest on grapevine, guava, soybean, peanut and other plants”
e1“The laboratory tests indicated that the effect of Sumithion on the mealybug and its natural enemies ranged from 58-98%, Biofly from 15-80%, Super Mesrona oil from 24-98% and NeemAzal from 17-73%, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
In field tests, Biofly gave moderate control of hibiscus mealybug nymphs, with mean mortality of 58 & 53% after 15 days over two years.
- Taxon
- grapevine, guava, soybean, peanutVitisArachis hypogaeaGlycine maxPsidium guajavae0
- Treatment
- Bioflye2
- Interactor
- M. hirsutus
Maconellicoccus hirsutuse2pest - Outcome
- mean mortalitye2
- Direction
- increaseinferrede2
- Value
- 58 & 53%e2
- Qualifier
- 41 & 36% after 3 days, 55 & 51% after 7 dayse2
- Setting
- fielde2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“pest on grapevine, guava, soybean, peanut and other plants”
e2“For the field tests the results indicated that Biofly gave moderate results against nymphs of M. hirsutus, with mean mortality for the two years of 41 & 36% after 3 days, 55 & 51% after 7 days and 58 & 53% after 15 days”
Claim · model-written summary
In field tests, Biofly caused 61 & 48% mortality of the parasitoid Anagyrus kamali over two years.
- Taxon
- grapevine, guava, soybean, peanutVitisArachis hypogaeaGlycine maxPsidium guajavae0
- Treatment
- Bioflye2
- Interactor
- Anagyrus kamaliAnagyrus kamalie3biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- mortalitiese3
- Direction
- increaseinferrede3
- Value
- 61 & 48%e3
- Qualifier
- for the same periods in the 2 yearse3
- Setting
- fielde2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“pest on grapevine, guava, soybean, peanut and other plants”
e2“For the field tests the results indicated that Biofly gave moderate results against nymphs of M. hirsutus, with mean mortality for the two years of 41 & 36% after 3 days, 55 & 51% after 7 days and 58 & 53% after 15 days”
e3“the parasitoids Anagyrus kamali and A. pseudococci (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) and Allotropa mecrida (Hymenoptera: Platygastridae) had mortalities of 61 & 48%, 66 & 59%, 55 & 47% respectively for the same periods in the 2 years”
Claim · model-written summary
In field tests, Biofly caused 66 & 59% mortality of the parasitoid A. pseudococci over two years.
- Taxon
- grapevine, guava, soybean, peanutVitisArachis hypogaeaGlycine maxPsidium guajavae0
- Treatment
- Bioflye2
- Interactor
- A. pseudococciAnagyrus pseudococcie3biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- mortalitiese3
- Direction
- increaseinferrede3
- Value
- 66 & 59%e3
- Qualifier
- for the same periods in the 2 yearse3
- Setting
- fielde2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“pest on grapevine, guava, soybean, peanut and other plants”
e2“For the field tests the results indicated that Biofly gave moderate results against nymphs of M. hirsutus, with mean mortality for the two years of 41 & 36% after 3 days, 55 & 51% after 7 days and 58 & 53% after 15 days”
e3“the parasitoids Anagyrus kamali and A. pseudococci (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) and Allotropa mecrida (Hymenoptera: Platygastridae) had mortalities of 61 & 48%, 66 & 59%, 55 & 47% respectively for the same periods in the 2 years”
Claim · model-written summary
In field tests, Biofly caused 55 & 47% mortality of the parasitoid Allotropa mecrida over two years.
- Taxon
- grapevine, guava, soybean, peanutVitisArachis hypogaeaGlycine maxPsidium guajavae0
- Treatment
- Bioflye2
- Interactor
- Allotropa mecridae3biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- mortalitiese3
- Direction
- increaseinferrede3
- Value
- 55 & 47%e3
- Qualifier
- for the same periods in the 2 yearse3
- Setting
- fielde2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“pest on grapevine, guava, soybean, peanut and other plants”
e2“For the field tests the results indicated that Biofly gave moderate results against nymphs of M. hirsutus, with mean mortality for the two years of 41 & 36% after 3 days, 55 & 51% after 7 days and 58 & 53% after 15 days”
e3“the parasitoids Anagyrus kamali and A. pseudococci (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) and Allotropa mecrida (Hymenoptera: Platygastridae) had mortalities of 61 & 48%, 66 & 59%, 55 & 47% respectively for the same periods in the 2 years”
Claim · model-written summary
In field tests, Biofly caused 50 & 37% mortality of the predator Scymnus seriacus after 15 days.
- Taxon
- grapevine, guava, soybean, peanutVitisArachis hypogaeaGlycine maxPsidium guajavae0
- Treatment
- Bioflye2
- Interactor
- Scymnus seriacuse4biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- mortalitye4
- Direction
- increaseinferrede4
- Value
- 50 & 37%e4
- Qualifier
- after 15 dayse4
- Setting
- fielde2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“pest on grapevine, guava, soybean, peanut and other plants”
e2“For the field tests the results indicated that Biofly gave moderate results against nymphs of M. hirsutus, with mean mortality for the two years of 41 & 36% after 3 days, 55 & 51% after 7 days and 58 & 53% after 15 days”
e4“The predators Scymnus seriacus (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) had 50 & 37% mortality and Chrysopa vulgaris aegyptica (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) had 53 & 41% mortality after 15 days respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
In field tests, Biofly caused 53 & 41% mortality of the predator Chrysopa vulgaris aegyptica after 15 days.
- Taxon
- grapevine, guava, soybean, peanutVitisArachis hypogaeaGlycine maxPsidium guajavae0
- Treatment
- Bioflye2
- Interactor
- Chrysopa vulgaris aegypticae4biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- mortalitye4
- Direction
- increaseinferrede4
- Value
- 53 & 41%e4
- Qualifier
- after 15 dayse4
- Setting
- fielde2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“pest on grapevine, guava, soybean, peanut and other plants”
e2“For the field tests the results indicated that Biofly gave moderate results against nymphs of M. hirsutus, with mean mortality for the two years of 41 & 36% after 3 days, 55 & 51% after 7 days and 58 & 53% after 15 days”
e4“The predators Scymnus seriacus (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) had 50 & 37% mortality and Chrysopa vulgaris aegyptica (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) had 53 & 41% mortality after 15 days respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
In field tests, Sumithion had high efficacy against hibiscus mealybug nymphs, with percent reductions of 95%, 96% and 91% in 2008.
- Taxon
- grapevine, guava, soybean, peanutVitisArachis hypogaeaGlycine maxPsidium guajavae0
- Treatment
- Sumithione5
- Interactor
- M. hirsutusMaconellicoccus hirsutuse5pest
- Outcome
- percent reductionse5
- Direction
- highe5
- Value
- 95%, 96% and 91%e5
- Qualifier
- for 2008 and 91%, 93% and 88% for 2009e5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“pest on grapevine, guava, soybean, peanut and other plants”
e5“On the other hand, Sumithion had high efficacy against nymphs of M. hirsutus, with percent reductions of 95%, 96% and 91% for 2008 and 91%, 93% and 88% for 2009”
Claim · model-written summary
Sumithion caused 95 & 93% mortality of the parasitoid Anagyrus kamali after 15 days over two years.
- Taxon
- grapevine, guava, soybean, peanutVitisArachis hypogaeaGlycine maxPsidium guajavae0
- Treatment
- Sumithione5
- Interactor
- A. kamaliAnagyrus kamalie6biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- mortalitiese6
- Direction
- increaseinferrede6
- Value
- 95 & 93%e6
- Qualifier
- after 15 days in the two yearse6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“pest on grapevine, guava, soybean, peanut and other plants”
e5“On the other hand, Sumithion had high efficacy against nymphs of M. hirsutus, with percent reductions of 95%, 96% and 91% for 2008 and 91%, 93% and 88% for 2009”
e6“The parasitoids A. kamali, A. pseudococci and A. mecrida had mortalities of 95 & 93%, 90 & 87% and 93 & 90% respectively after 15 days in the two years”
Claim · model-written summary
Sumithion caused 90 & 87% mortality of the parasitoid A. pseudococci after 15 days over two years.
- Taxon
- grapevine, guava, soybean, peanutVitisArachis hypogaeaGlycine maxPsidium guajavae0
- Treatment
- Sumithione5
- Interactor
- A. pseudococciAnagyrus pseudococcie6biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- mortalitiese6
- Direction
- increaseinferrede6
- Value
- 90 & 87%e6
- Qualifier
- after 15 days in the two yearse6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“pest on grapevine, guava, soybean, peanut and other plants”
e5“On the other hand, Sumithion had high efficacy against nymphs of M. hirsutus, with percent reductions of 95%, 96% and 91% for 2008 and 91%, 93% and 88% for 2009”
e6“The parasitoids A. kamali, A. pseudococci and A. mecrida had mortalities of 95 & 93%, 90 & 87% and 93 & 90% respectively after 15 days in the two years”
Claim · model-written summary
Sumithion caused 93 & 90% mortality of the parasitoid A. mecrida after 15 days over two years.
- Taxon
- grapevine, guava, soybean, peanutVitisArachis hypogaeaGlycine maxPsidium guajavae0
- Treatment
- Sumithione5
- Interactor
- A. mecridae6biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- mortalitiese6
- Direction
- increaseinferrede6
- Value
- 93 & 90%e6
- Qualifier
- after 15 days in the two yearse6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“pest on grapevine, guava, soybean, peanut and other plants”
e5“On the other hand, Sumithion had high efficacy against nymphs of M. hirsutus, with percent reductions of 95%, 96% and 91% for 2008 and 91%, 93% and 88% for 2009”
e6“The parasitoids A. kamali, A. pseudococci and A. mecrida had mortalities of 95 & 93%, 90 & 87% and 93 & 90% respectively after 15 days in the two years”
Claim · model-written summary
Sumithion gave 88 & 84% reduction of the predator Scymnus seriacus after 15 days over two years.
- Taxon
- grapevine, guava, soybean, peanutVitisArachis hypogaeaGlycine maxPsidium guajavae0
- Treatment
- Sumithione5
- Interactor
- Scymnus seriacuse7biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- percent reductionse7
- Direction
- increaseinferrede7
- Value
- 88 & 84%e7
- Qualifier
- after 15 days in the 2 yearse7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“pest on grapevine, guava, soybean, peanut and other plants”
e5“On the other hand, Sumithion had high efficacy against nymphs of M. hirsutus, with percent reductions of 95%, 96% and 91% for 2008 and 91%, 93% and 88% for 2009”
e7“the predators, Scymnus seriacus and Chrysopa vulgaris aegyptica had percent reductions of 88 & 84% and 85 & 82% after 15 days in the 2 years”
Claim · model-written summary
Sumithion gave 85 & 82% reduction of the predator Chrysopa vulgaris aegyptica after 15 days over two years.
- Taxon
- grapevine, guava, soybean, peanutVitisArachis hypogaeaGlycine maxPsidium guajavae0
- Treatment
- Sumithione5
- Interactor
- Chrysopa vulgaris aegypticae7biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- percent reductionse7
- Direction
- increaseinferrede7
- Value
- 85 & 82%e7
- Qualifier
- after 15 days in the 2 yearse7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“pest on grapevine, guava, soybean, peanut and other plants”
e5“On the other hand, Sumithion had high efficacy against nymphs of M. hirsutus, with percent reductions of 95%, 96% and 91% for 2008 and 91%, 93% and 88% for 2009”
e7“the predators, Scymnus seriacus and Chrysopa vulgaris aegyptica had percent reductions of 88 & 84% and 85 & 82% after 15 days in the 2 years”