Abstract
This study was undertaken to assess the herbicidal activity of metabolites of Penicillium citrinum against parthenium weed ( Parthenium hysterophorus L.). Two growth media viz. malt extract (ME) broth and potato dextrose (PD) broth were used for preparation of fungal metabolites by growing the fungus in these media for 15 days. The metabolites were evaluated in laboratory bioassays using their original (100%) and diluted (50%) concentrations, and compared with a negative control as well as with original and diluted growth media. In general, both the growth media had insignificant effect on germination and various growth parameters except root length where original ME broth significantly increased this parameter. Both the concentrations of the metabolites prepared in different growth media significantly (P ≤ 0.05) suppressed germination and various shoot/root growth parameters over control. Metabolites prepared in PD broth exhibited more activity than the metabolites prepared in ME broth. There was up to 31%, 77%, 92% and 77% decrease in germination, shoot and root lengths, and seedlings dry weight due to metabolites in ME broth, while these parameters were decreased by 57%, 89%, 94% and 93% due to application of metabolites in PD broth, respectively.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
Original ME broth increased Parthenium root length.
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“except root length where original ME broth significantly increased this parameter”
t0“PARTHENIUM WEED”
Claim · model-written summary
Growth media had insignificant effects on germination and other growth parameters.
- Taxon
- PARTHENIUM WEEDt0
- Treatment
- both the growth mediae0
- Outcome
- germination and various growth parameterse0
- Direction
- insignificant effecte0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“both the growth media had insignificant effect on germination and various growth parameters”
t0“PARTHENIUM WEED”
Claim · model-written summary
Metabolites from both media suppressed germination and shoot and root growth versus control.
Verbatim
e0“Both the concentrations of the metabolites prepared in different growth media significantly (P ≤ 0.05) suppressed germination and various shoot/root growth parameters over control”
t0“PARTHENIUM WEED”
Claim · model-written summary
PD broth metabolites were more active than ME broth metabolites.
Verbatim
e0“Metabolites prepared in PD broth exhibited more activity than the metabolites prepared in ME broth”
t0“PARTHENIUM WEED”
Claim · model-written summary
ME broth metabolites reduced germination by up to 31%.
- Taxon
- PARTHENIUM WEEDt0
- Treatment
- metabolites in ME brothe0
- Outcome
- germinatione0
- Direction
- decreasee0
- Value
- 31%e0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“up to 31%, 77%, 92% and 77% decrease in germination, shoot and root lengths, and seedlings dry weight due to metabolites in ME broth”
t0“PARTHENIUM WEED”
Claim · model-written summary
ME broth metabolites reduced shoot length by up to 77%.
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“up to 31%, 77%, 92% and 77% decrease in germination, shoot and root lengths, and seedlings dry weight due to metabolites in ME broth”
t0“PARTHENIUM WEED”
Claim · model-written summary
ME broth metabolites reduced root length by up to 92%.
- Taxon
- PARTHENIUM WEEDt0
- Treatment
- metabolites in ME brothe0
- Outcome
- root lengthse0
- Direction
- decreasee0
- Value
- 92%e0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“up to 31%, 77%, 92% and 77% decrease in germination, shoot and root lengths, and seedlings dry weight due to metabolites in ME broth”
t0“PARTHENIUM WEED”
Claim · model-written summary
ME broth metabolites reduced seedling dry weight by up to 77%.
- Taxon
- PARTHENIUM WEEDt0
- Treatment
- metabolites in ME brothe0
- Outcome
- seedlings dry weighte0
- Direction
- decreasee0
- Value
- 77%e0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“up to 31%, 77%, 92% and 77% decrease in germination, shoot and root lengths, and seedlings dry weight due to metabolites in ME broth”
t0“PARTHENIUM WEED”
Claim · model-written summary
PD broth metabolites reduced germination by 57%.
- Taxon
- PARTHENIUM WEEDt0
- Treatment
- metabolites in PD brothe0
- Outcome
- germinatione0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Value
- 57%e0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“germination, shoot and root lengths, and seedlings dry weight due to metabolites in ME broth, while these parameters were decreased by 57%, 89%, 94% and 93% due to application of metabolites in PD broth”
t0“PARTHENIUM WEED”
Claim · model-written summary
PD broth metabolites reduced shoot length by 89%.
- Taxon
- PARTHENIUM WEEDt0
- Treatment
- metabolites in PD brothe0
- Outcome
- shoote0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Value
- 89%e0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“germination, shoot and root lengths, and seedlings dry weight due to metabolites in ME broth, while these parameters were decreased by 57%, 89%, 94% and 93% due to application of metabolites in PD broth”
t0“PARTHENIUM WEED”
Claim · model-written summary
PD broth metabolites reduced root length by 94%.
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“germination, shoot and root lengths, and seedlings dry weight due to metabolites in ME broth, while these parameters were decreased by 57%, 89%, 94% and 93% due to application of metabolites in PD broth”
t0“PARTHENIUM WEED”
Claim · model-written summary
PD broth metabolites reduced seedling dry weight by 93%.
- Taxon
- PARTHENIUM WEEDt0
- Treatment
- metabolites in PD brothe0
- Outcome
- seedlings dry weighte0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Value
- 93%e0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“germination, shoot and root lengths, and seedlings dry weight due to metabolites in ME broth, while these parameters were decreased by 57%, 89%, 94% and 93% due to application of metabolites in PD broth”
t0“PARTHENIUM WEED”