Abstract
We used the APSIM-Maize model to simulate maize potential yield (Yp) and rain-fed yield (Yw) when adaptation options of sowing date and planting density were adopted under Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP) 4.5 and 8.5 in the Guanzhong Plain of China. The results showed that Yp would decrease by 10.6–14.9% and 15.0–31.4% under RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 for summer maize, and 13.9–19.7% and 18.5–36.3% for spring maize, respectively. The Yw would decrease by 17.1–19.0% and 23.6–41.1% under RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 for summer maize, and 20.9–24.5% and 27.8–45.5% for spring maize, respectively. The loss of Yp and Yw could be reduced by 2.6–9.7% and 0–9.9%, respectively, under future climate for summer maize through countermeasures. For spring maize, the loss of Yp was mitigated by 14.0–25.0% and 2.0–21.8% for Yw. The contribution of changing sowing date and plant density on spring maize yield was more than summer maize, and the optimal adaptation options were more effective for spring maize. Additionally, the influences of changing sowing date and planting density on yields become weak as climate changes become more severe. Therefore, it is important to investigate the potential of other adaptation measures to cope with climate change in the Guanzhong Plain of China.
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Claims 14
Claim · model-written summary
Potential yield of summer maize is projected to decrease by 10.6–14.9% under RCP4.5.
- Treatment
- RCP4.5e1
- Outcome
- Ype1
- Direction
- decreasee1
- Value
- 10.6–14.9%e1
- Qualifier
- summer maizee1
- Setting
- Guanzhong Plain of Chinae0
Zea maysOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“We used the APSIM-Maize model to simulate maize potential yield (Yp) and rain-fed yield (Yw) when adaptation options of sowing date and planting density were adopted under Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP) 4.5 and 8.5 in the Guanzhong Plain of China”
e1“Yp would decrease by 10.6–14.9% and 15.0–31.4% under RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 for summer maize, and 13.9–19.7% and 18.5–36.3% for spring maize, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Potential yield of summer maize is projected to decrease by 15.0–31.4% under RCP8.5.
- Treatment
- RCP8.5e1
- Outcome
- Ype1
- Direction
- decreasee1
- Value
- 15.0–31.4%e1
- Qualifier
- summer maizee1
- Setting
- Guanzhong Plain of Chinae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“We used the APSIM-Maize model to simulate maize potential yield (Yp) and rain-fed yield (Yw) when adaptation options of sowing date and planting density were adopted under Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP) 4.5 and 8.5 in the Guanzhong Plain of China”
e1“Yp would decrease by 10.6–14.9% and 15.0–31.4% under RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 for summer maize, and 13.9–19.7% and 18.5–36.3% for spring maize, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Potential yield of spring maize is projected to decrease by 13.9–19.7% under RCP4.5.
- Treatment
- RCP4.5e1
- Outcome
- Ype1
- Direction
- decreasee1
- Value
- 13.9–19.7%e1
- Qualifier
- spring maizee1
- Setting
- Guanzhong Plain of Chinae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“We used the APSIM-Maize model to simulate maize potential yield (Yp) and rain-fed yield (Yw) when adaptation options of sowing date and planting density were adopted under Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP) 4.5 and 8.5 in the Guanzhong Plain of China”
e1“Yp would decrease by 10.6–14.9% and 15.0–31.4% under RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 for summer maize, and 13.9–19.7% and 18.5–36.3% for spring maize, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Potential yield of spring maize is projected to decrease by 18.5–36.3% under RCP8.5.
- Treatment
- RCP8.5e1
- Outcome
- Ype1
- Direction
- decreasee1
- Value
- 18.5–36.3%e1
- Qualifier
- spring maizee1
- Setting
- Guanzhong Plain of Chinae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“We used the APSIM-Maize model to simulate maize potential yield (Yp) and rain-fed yield (Yw) when adaptation options of sowing date and planting density were adopted under Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP) 4.5 and 8.5 in the Guanzhong Plain of China”
e1“Yp would decrease by 10.6–14.9% and 15.0–31.4% under RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 for summer maize, and 13.9–19.7% and 18.5–36.3% for spring maize, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Rain-fed yield of summer maize is projected to decrease by 17.1–19.0% under RCP4.5.
- Treatment
- RCP4.5e2
- Outcome
- Ywe2
- Direction
- decreasee2
- Value
- 17.1–19.0%e2
- Qualifier
- summer maizee2
- Setting
- Guanzhong Plain of Chinae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“We used the APSIM-Maize model to simulate maize potential yield (Yp) and rain-fed yield (Yw) when adaptation options of sowing date and planting density were adopted under Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP) 4.5 and 8.5 in the Guanzhong Plain of China”
e2“The Yw would decrease by 17.1–19.0% and 23.6–41.1% under RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 for summer maize, and 20.9–24.5% and 27.8–45.5% for spring maize, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Rain-fed yield of summer maize is projected to decrease by 23.6–41.1% under RCP8.5.
- Treatment
- RCP8.5e2
- Outcome
- Ywe2
- Direction
- decreasee2
- Value
- 23.6–41.1%e2
- Qualifier
- summer maizee2
- Setting
- Guanzhong Plain of Chinae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“We used the APSIM-Maize model to simulate maize potential yield (Yp) and rain-fed yield (Yw) when adaptation options of sowing date and planting density were adopted under Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP) 4.5 and 8.5 in the Guanzhong Plain of China”
e2“The Yw would decrease by 17.1–19.0% and 23.6–41.1% under RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 for summer maize, and 20.9–24.5% and 27.8–45.5% for spring maize, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Rain-fed yield of spring maize is projected to decrease by 20.9–24.5% under RCP4.5.
- Treatment
- RCP4.5e2
- Outcome
- Ywe2
- Direction
- decreasee2
- Value
- 20.9–24.5%e2
- Qualifier
- spring maizee2
- Setting
- Guanzhong Plain of Chinae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“We used the APSIM-Maize model to simulate maize potential yield (Yp) and rain-fed yield (Yw) when adaptation options of sowing date and planting density were adopted under Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP) 4.5 and 8.5 in the Guanzhong Plain of China”
e2“The Yw would decrease by 17.1–19.0% and 23.6–41.1% under RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 for summer maize, and 20.9–24.5% and 27.8–45.5% for spring maize, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Rain-fed yield of spring maize is projected to decrease by 27.8–45.5% under RCP8.5.
- Treatment
- RCP8.5e2
- Outcome
- Ywe2
- Direction
- decreasee2
- Value
- 27.8–45.5%e2
- Qualifier
- spring maizee2
- Setting
- Guanzhong Plain of Chinae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“We used the APSIM-Maize model to simulate maize potential yield (Yp) and rain-fed yield (Yw) when adaptation options of sowing date and planting density were adopted under Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP) 4.5 and 8.5 in the Guanzhong Plain of China”
e2“The Yw would decrease by 17.1–19.0% and 23.6–41.1% under RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 for summer maize, and 20.9–24.5% and 27.8–45.5% for spring maize, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Countermeasures could reduce the projected loss of Yp for summer maize under future climate by 2.6–9.7%.
- Treatment
- countermeasurese3
- Outcome
- loss of Ype3
- Direction
- reducede3
- Value
- 2.6–9.7%e3
- Qualifier
- summer maizee3
- Comparator
- future climatee3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“We used the APSIM-Maize model to simulate maize potential yield (Yp) and rain-fed yield (Yw) when adaptation options of sowing date and planting density were adopted under Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP) 4.5 and 8.5 in the Guanzhong Plain of China”
e3“The loss of Yp and Yw could be reduced by 2.6–9.7% and 0–9.9%, respectively, under future climate for summer maize through countermeasures”
Claim · model-written summary
Countermeasures could reduce the projected loss of Yw for summer maize under future climate by 0–9.9%.
- Treatment
- countermeasurese3
- Outcome
- loss of Yp and Ywe3
- Direction
- reducede3
- Value
- 0–9.9%e3
- Qualifier
- summer maizee3
- Comparator
- future climatee3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“We used the APSIM-Maize model to simulate maize potential yield (Yp) and rain-fed yield (Yw) when adaptation options of sowing date and planting density were adopted under Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP) 4.5 and 8.5 in the Guanzhong Plain of China”
e3“The loss of Yp and Yw could be reduced by 2.6–9.7% and 0–9.9%, respectively, under future climate for summer maize through countermeasures”
Claim · model-written summary
Adaptation mitigated the projected loss of Yp for spring maize by 14.0–25.0%.
- Treatment
- countermeasurese3
- Outcome
- loss of Ype4
- Direction
- mitigatede4
- Value
- 14.0–25.0%e4
- Qualifier
- spring maizee4
- Comparator
- future climatee3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“We used the APSIM-Maize model to simulate maize potential yield (Yp) and rain-fed yield (Yw) when adaptation options of sowing date and planting density were adopted under Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP) 4.5 and 8.5 in the Guanzhong Plain of China”
e3“The loss of Yp and Yw could be reduced by 2.6–9.7% and 0–9.9%, respectively, under future climate for summer maize through countermeasures”
e4“For spring maize, the loss of Yp was mitigated by 14.0–25.0% and 2.0–21.8% for Yw”
Claim · model-written summary
Adaptation mitigated the projected loss of Yw for spring maize by 2.0–21.8%.
- Treatment
- countermeasurese3
- Outcome
- Ywe4
- Direction
- mitigatede4
- Value
- 2.0–21.8%e4
- Qualifier
- spring maizee4
- Comparator
- future climatee3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“We used the APSIM-Maize model to simulate maize potential yield (Yp) and rain-fed yield (Yw) when adaptation options of sowing date and planting density were adopted under Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP) 4.5 and 8.5 in the Guanzhong Plain of China”
e3“The loss of Yp and Yw could be reduced by 2.6–9.7% and 0–9.9%, respectively, under future climate for summer maize through countermeasures”
e4“For spring maize, the loss of Yp was mitigated by 14.0–25.0% and 2.0–21.8% for Yw”
Claim · model-written summary
Spring maize yield gained more from changing sowing date and plant density than summer maize yield did.
- Treatment
- changing sowing date and plant densitye5
- Outcome
- spring maize yielde5
- Direction
- moree5
- Comparator
- summer maizee5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“We used the APSIM-Maize model to simulate maize potential yield (Yp) and rain-fed yield (Yw) when adaptation options of sowing date and planting density were adopted under Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP) 4.5 and 8.5 in the Guanzhong Plain of China”
e5“The contribution of changing sowing date and plant density on spring maize yield was more than summer maize”
Claim · model-written summary
The influence of changing sowing date and planting density on maize yields becomes weak as climate change becomes more severe.
- Treatment
- changing sowing date and planting densitye6
- Outcome
- yieldse6
- Direction
- become weake6
- Qualifier
- as climate changes become more severee6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“We used the APSIM-Maize model to simulate maize potential yield (Yp) and rain-fed yield (Yw) when adaptation options of sowing date and planting density were adopted under Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP) 4.5 and 8.5 in the Guanzhong Plain of China”
e6“the influences of changing sowing date and planting density on yields become weak as climate changes become more severe”