Abstract
The purpose of the research is to determine the impact of the depth of local application of mineral fertilizers on the nutrient content in the arable layer of soil and the yield of spring barley. The studies were carried out during 2018 - 2020 in a temporary small-plot experiment. Soil – chernozem podzolized loamy (Luvic Chernic Phaeozem). The application of N60P60K60 in the form of nitroammophoska or a mixture of ammophos, ammonium nitrate and potassium chloride was compared to a depth of 10-12 cm and 20-22 cm from the soil surface. The row spacing of barley crops was 15 cm; the fertilizer tape was placed at a distance of 4-5 cm away from the row. Mixed soil samples were taken from fertilizer tapes twice during the growing season of barley (in the first half of the growing season and after harvesting). The weather conditions were quite contrasting: in 2018 it was dry at the beginning of the growing season and during grain ripening, in 2019 was dry only during the formation of grain, and in 2020 - rather humid and relatively cool during almost the entire growing season. At the beginning of the growing season of barley in 2018, the highest content of mineral nitrogen in the soil was found with a shallow location of the fertilizers, but in 2019-2020 - in case fertilizer tapes at 20-22 cm from the surface. Location of fertilizer at a depth of 20-22 cm also provided a higher level of mobile phosphorus and potassium in the soil than applying at a depth of 10-12 cm. After the barley harvest, the highest accumulation of mineral nitrogen in the soil in 2018 was found with shallow application and in 2019-2020 - with deeper application. A tendency of more accumulation of chlorophyll in plants was observed with an increase in the depth of fertilization. Local application of fertilizers gave a reliable increase in yield in all variants of the experiment. However, the increase was twice as high when placing the fertilizer tape was at a depth of 20-22 cm as at a depth of 10-12 cm. Application of nitroammophoska to a depth of 20-22 cm was more effective than mixtures of simple and complex fertilizers. It was concluded that the hydrothermal conditions of the growing season and the depth of the location of fertilizers mutually affect the nutrient regime of the soil. The advantage of deep fertilization is more significant under insufficient moisture.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Shallow fertilizer placement gave the highest soil mineral nitrogen early in 2018.
- Taxon
- spring barley
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Hordeum vulgaret0 - Treatment
- shallow location of the fertilizerse0
- Outcome
- content of mineral nitrogen in the soile0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Comparator
- 20-22 cme1
- Setting
- 2018e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“At the beginning of the growing season of barley in 2018, the highest content of mineral nitrogen in the soil was found with a shallow location of the fertilizers”
e1“but in 2019-2020 - in case fertilizer tapes at 20-22 cm from the surface”
t0“spring barley”
Claim · model-written summary
Deep fertilizer placement gave the highest early soil mineral nitrogen in 2019–2020.
- Taxon
- spring barleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Treatment
- fertilizer tapes at 20-22 cme0
- Outcome
- mineral nitrogen in the soile2
- Direction
- higheste2
- Comparator
- 10-12 cme1
- Setting
- 2019-2020e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“but in 2019-2020 - in case fertilizer tapes at 20-22 cm from the surface”
e1“applying at a depth of 10-12 cm”
e2“the highest content of mineral nitrogen in the soil”
t0“spring barley”
Claim · model-written summary
Deep placement gave higher soil mobile phosphorus and potassium than shallow placement.
- Taxon
- spring barleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Treatment
- 20-22 cme0
- Outcome
- mobile phosphorus and potassium in the soile0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- 10-12 cme0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Location of fertilizer at a depth of 20-22 cm also provided a higher level of mobile phosphorus and potassium in the soil than applying at a depth of 10-12 cm”
t0“spring barley”
Claim · model-written summary
After harvest, shallow placement gave the highest soil mineral nitrogen in 2018.
- Taxon
- spring barleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Treatment
- shallow applicatione0
- Outcome
- accumulation of mineral nitrogen in the soile0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Setting
- 2018e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“After the barley harvest, the highest accumulation of mineral nitrogen in the soil in 2018 was found with shallow application”
t0“spring barley”
Claim · model-written summary
After harvest, deeper placement gave the highest soil mineral nitrogen in 2019–2020.
- Taxon
- spring barleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Treatment
- deeper applicatione0
- Setting
- 2019-2020e0
Not reportedComparatorOutcomeDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“and in 2019-2020 - with deeper application”
t0“spring barley”
Claim · model-written summary
Plant chlorophyll tended to accumulate more at greater fertilizer depth.
- Taxon
- spring barleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Treatment
- depth of fertilizatione0
- Outcome
- accumulation of chlorophyll in plantse0
- Direction
- moree0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A tendency of more accumulation of chlorophyll in plants was observed with an increase in the depth of fertilization”
t0“spring barley”
Claim · model-written summary
Local fertilizer application significantly increased barley yield across variants.
- Taxon
- spring barleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Treatment
- Local application of fertilizerse0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- increasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Local application of fertilizers gave a reliable increase in yield in all variants of the experiment”
t0“spring barley”
Claim · model-written summary
Yield increase with 20–22 cm placement was twice that at 10–12 cm.
- Taxon
- spring barleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Treatment
- 20-22 cme0
- Outcome
- increasee0
- Direction
- twice as highe0
- Value
- twicee0
- Comparator
- 10-12 cme0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the increase was twice as high when placing the fertilizer tape was at a depth of 20-22 cm as at a depth of 10-12 cm”
t0“spring barley”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitroammophoska at 20–22 cm was more effective than fertilizer mixtures.
- Taxon
- spring barleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Treatment
- nitroammophoska to a depth of 20-22 cme0
- Outcome
- more effectivee0
- Direction
- more effectivee0
- Comparator
- mixtures of simple and complex fertilizerse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Application of nitroammophoska to a depth of 20-22 cm was more effective than mixtures of simple and complex fertilizers”
t0“spring barley”
Claim · model-written summary
Hydrothermal conditions and fertilizer depth jointly affected soil nutrient regime.
- Taxon
- spring barleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Treatment
- depth of the location of fertilizerse0
- Outcome
- nutrient regime of the soile0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the hydrothermal conditions of the growing season and the depth of the location of fertilizers mutually affect the nutrient regime of the soil”
t0“spring barley”
Claim · model-written summary
Deep fertilization was more advantageous under insufficient moisture.
- Taxon
- spring barleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Treatment
- deep fertilizatione0
- Outcome
- advantagee0
- Direction
- more significante0
- Qualifier
- under insufficient moisturee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The advantage of deep fertilization is more significant under insufficient moisture”
t0“spring barley”
The same questions in other papers
fertilization · yield · Hordeum vulgare (barley)Positive and negative results
472 papers in the same direction as this paper · 66 in the opposite direction · 11 reporting no difference from an alternative
- no effect
- negative
- negative
546 papers more in this group
See all 550 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.