Abstract
Xylella fastidiosa Wells et al. (Xanthomonadales: Xanthomonadaceae) is a xylem inhabiting bacterium which is exclusively transmitted by xylem sap feeding insects. Among them, Philaenus spumarius Linnaeus and Neophilaenus campestris Fallén are the most abundant species in Europe. During 2018 and 2019 a survey was conducted in olive groves in Greece aimed to improve the knowledge about the biology and ecology of those spittlebugs in areas with Mediterranean climate. Moreover, the host preference of the nymphs was studied. The nymphs of P. spumarius and N. campestris were observed between early March and middle May depending on geographic location and year. The spittlebug adults were present during two periods every year, one in spring and another one in autumn and early winter. During summer months the spittlebugs were totally absent from olive groves. Our observation on host plant selection revealed that there was a strong preference of N. campestris nymphs for plants belonging to the family Poaceae. On the contrary, P. spumarius nymphs were polyphagous. The most preferable plants for the nymphs of this species belonged to the families Asteraceae and Fabaceae. The importance of these findings for control measures for these spittlebugs is discussed.
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Claims 6
Claim · model-written summary
Nymphs of P. spumarius and N. campestris were observed between early March and middle May, depending on geographic location and year.
- Taxon
- P. spumarius and N. campestris
_Philaenus_spumarius.jpg?width=60)
Philaenus spumarius_Figure_6b.jpg?width=60)
Neophilaenus campestrise0 - Outcome
- observed between early March and middle Maye0
- Qualifier
- depending on geographic location and yeare0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_Philaenus_spumarius.jpg?width=500)
_Figure_6b.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“The nymphs of P. spumarius and N. campestris were observed between early March and middle May depending on geographic location and year”
Claim · model-written summary
Spittlebug adults were present in two periods every year, in spring and in autumn and early winter.
Verbatim
e0“The spittlebug adults were present during two periods every year, one in spring and another one in autumn and early winter”
Claim · model-written summary
Spittlebugs were totally absent from olive groves during summer months.
Verbatim
e0“During summer months the spittlebugs were totally absent from olive groves”
Claim · model-written summary
N. campestris nymphs showed a strong preference for plants of the family Poaceae.
- Interactor
- N. campestrisNeophilaenus campestrise0herbivore
- Outcome
- strong preference of N. campestris nymphse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“there was a strong preference of N. campestris nymphs for plants belonging to the family Poaceae”
Claim · model-written summary
P. spumarius nymphs were polyphagous.
- Taxon
- P. spumariusPhilaenus spumariuse0
- Outcome
- polyphagouse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“P. spumarius nymphs were polyphagous”
Claim · model-written summary
The plants most preferred by P. spumarius nymphs belonged to the families Asteraceae and Fabaceae.
- Taxon
- Asteraceae and FabaceaeFabaceaeAsteraceaee0
- Interactor
- P. spumariusPhilaenus spumariuse1herbivore
- Outcome
- most preferable plants for the nymphse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The most preferable plants for the nymphs of this species belonged to the families Asteraceae and Fabaceae”
e1“P. spumarius nymphs were polyphagous”