Abstract
Charcoal rot is an emerging disease for peanut crops caused by the fungus Macrophomina phaseolina. In Mexico, peanut crop represents an important productive activity for various rural areas; however, charcoal rot affects producers economically. The objectives of this research were: (a) to identify and morphologically characterize the strain “PUE 4.0” associated with charcoal rot of peanut crops from Buenavista de Benito Juárez, belonging to the municipality of Chietla in Puebla, Mexico; (b) determine the in vitro and in vivo antagonist activity of five Trichoderma species on M. phaseolina, and (c) determine the effect of the incidence of the disease on peanut production in the field. Vegetable tissue samples were collected from peanut crops in Puebla, Mexico with the presence of symptoms of charcoal rot at the stem and root level. The “PUE 4.0” strain presented 100% identity with M. phaseolina, the cause of charcoal rot in peanut crops from Buenavista de Benito Juárez. T. koningiopsis (T-K11) showed the highest development rate, the best growth speed, and the highest percentage of radial growth inhibition (PIRG) over M. phaseolina (71.11%) under in vitro conditions, in addition, T. koningiopsis (T-K11) showed higher production (1.60 ± 0.01 t/ha−1) and lower incidence of charcoal rot under field conditions. The lowest production with the highest incidence of the disease occurred in plants inoculated only with M. phaseolina (0.67 ± 0.01 t/ha−1) where elongated reddish-brown lesions were observed that covered 40% of the total surface of the main root.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
The PUE 4.0 strain associated with peanut charcoal rot was identical to Macrophomina phaseolina.
- Taxon
- peanut
Arachis hypogaeae0 - Interactor
- M. phaseolina
Macrophomina phaseolinae0pathogen - Outcome
- identitye0
- Value
- 100%e0
- Setting
- Buenavista de Benito Juáreze0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The “PUE 4.0” strain presented 100% identity with M. phaseolina, the cause of charcoal rot in peanut crops from Buenavista de Benito Juárez.”
Claim · model-written summary
T. koningiopsis T-K11 had the highest development rate and growth speed in vitro.
- Taxon
- peanutArachis hypogaeat0
- Interactor
- M. phaseolinaMacrophomina phaseolinae0pathogen
- Second interactor
- T. koningiopsis (T-K11)Trichoderma koningiopsise0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- development rate, the best growth speede0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Setting
- in vitro conditionse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“T. koningiopsis (T-K11) showed the highest development rate, the best growth speed, and the highest percentage of radial growth inhibition (PIRG) over M. phaseolina (71.11%) under in vitro conditions”
t0“Peanut Crop”
Claim · model-written summary
T. koningiopsis T-K11 produced the highest radial growth inhibition of M. phaseolina, 71.11%, in vitro.
- Taxon
- peanutArachis hypogaeat0
- Interactor
- M. phaseolinaMacrophomina phaseolinae0pathogen
- Second interactor
- T. koningiopsis (T-K11)Trichoderma koningiopsise0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- percentage of radial growth inhibition (PIRG)e0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 71.11%e0
- Setting
- in vitro conditionse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“T. koningiopsis (T-K11) showed the highest development rate, the best growth speed, and the highest percentage of radial growth inhibition (PIRG) over M. phaseolina (71.11%) under in vitro conditions”
t0“Peanut Crop”
Claim · model-written summary
T. koningiopsis T-K11 was associated with higher peanut production of 1.60 ± 0.01 t/ha−1 in the field.
- Taxon
- peanutArachis hypogaeat0
- Treatment
- T. koningiopsis (T-K11)e0
- Interactor
- T. koningiopsis (T-K11)Trichoderma koningiopsise0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- productione0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 1.60 ± 0.01 t/ha−1e0
- Setting
- field conditionse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“T. koningiopsis (T-K11) showed higher production (1.60 ± 0.01 t/ha−1) and lower incidence of charcoal rot under field conditions.”
t0“Peanut Crop”
Claim · model-written summary
T. koningiopsis T-K11 was associated with lower charcoal rot incidence in the field.
- Taxon
- peanutArachis hypogaeat0
- Treatment
- T. koningiopsis (T-K11)e0
- Interactor
- T. koningiopsis (T-K11)Trichoderma koningiopsise0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- incidence of charcoal rote0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Setting
- field conditionse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“T. koningiopsis (T-K11) showed higher production (1.60 ± 0.01 t/ha−1) and lower incidence of charcoal rot under field conditions.”
t0“Peanut Crop”
Claim · model-written summary
Peanut plants inoculated only with M. phaseolina had the lowest production, 0.67 ± 0.01 t/ha−1.
- Taxon
- peanutArachis hypogaeat0
- Treatment
- inoculated only with M. phaseolinae0
- Interactor
- M. phaseolinaMacrophomina phaseolinae0pathogen
- Outcome
- productione0
- Direction
- loweste0
- Value
- 0.67 ± 0.01 t/ha−1e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The lowest production with the highest incidence of the disease occurred in plants inoculated only with M. phaseolina (0.67 ± 0.01 t/ha−1)”
t0“Peanut Crop”
Claim · model-written summary
Peanut plants inoculated only with M. phaseolina had the highest disease incidence.
- Taxon
- peanutArachis hypogaeat0
- Treatment
- inoculated only with M. phaseolinae0
- Interactor
- M. phaseolinaMacrophomina phaseolinae0pathogen
- Outcome
- incidence of the diseasee0
- Direction
- higheste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The lowest production with the highest incidence of the disease occurred in plants inoculated only with M. phaseolina”
t0“Peanut Crop”
Claim · model-written summary
In M. phaseolina-only inoculated plants, reddish-brown lesions covered 40% of the main root surface.
- Taxon
- peanutArachis hypogaeat0
- Organ / stage
- main roote0
- Interactor
- M. phaseolinaMacrophomina phaseolinae0pathogen
- Outcome
- elongated reddish-brown lesionse0
- Value
- 40%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“plants inoculated only with M. phaseolina (0.67 ± 0.01 t/ha−1) where elongated reddish-brown lesions were observed that covered 40% of the total surface of the main root.”
t0“Peanut Crop”
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