Abstract
Microbial metabolites have been recognized as an important source for the discovery of new antifungal agents because of their diverse chemical structures with novel modes of action. In the course of our screening for new antifungal agents from microbes, we found that culture filtrates of two fungal species Aspergillus candidus SFC20200425-M11 and Aspergillus montenegroi SFC20200425-M27 have the potentials to reduce the development of fungal plant diseases such as tomato late blight and wheat leaf rust. From these two Aspergillus spp., we isolated a total of seven active compounds, including two new compounds ( 4 and 6 ), and identified their chemical structures based on the NMR spectral analyses: sphaeropsidin A ( 1 ), (R) -formosusin A ( 2 ), (R) -variotin ( 3 ), candidusin ( 4 ), asperlin ( 5 ), montenegrol ( 6 ), and protulactone A ( 7 ). Based on the results of the in vitro bioassays of 11 plant pathogenic fungi and bacteria, sphaeropsidin A ( 1 ), ( R )-formosusin A ( 2 ), ( R )-variotin ( 3 ), and asperlin ( 5 ) exhibited a wide range of antimicrobial activity. Furthermore, when plants were treated with sphaeropsidin A ( 1 ) and ( R )-formosusin A ( 2 ) at a concentration of 500 μg/ml, sphaeropsidin A ( 1 ) exhibited an efficacy disease control value of 96 and 90% compared to non-treated control against tomato late blight and wheat leaf rust, and ( R )-formosusin A ( 2 ) strongly reduced the development of tomato gray mold by 82%. Asperlin ( 5 ) at a concentration of 500 μg/ml effectively controlled the development of tomato late blight and wheat leaf rust with a disease control value of 95%. Given that culture filtrates and active compounds derived from two Aspergillus spp. exhibited disease control efficacies, our results suggest that the Aspergillus -produced antifungal compounds could be useful for the development of new natural fungicides.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Aspergillus candidus culture filtrate had potential to reduce tomato late blight development.
- Taxon
- tomato
Solanum lycopersicume0 - Interactor
- Aspergillus candidus SFC20200425-M11
Aspergillus candiduse0biocontrol_agent - Outcome
- tomato late blighte0
- Direction
- reducee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“culture filtrates of two fungal species Aspergillus candidus SFC20200425-M11 and Aspergillus montenegroi SFC20200425-M27 have the potentials to reduce the development of fungal plant diseases such as tomato late blight and wheat leaf rust”
Claim · model-written summary
Aspergillus montenegroi culture filtrate had potential to reduce wheat leaf rust development.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivume0 - Interactor
- Aspergillus montenegroi SFC20200425-M27Aspergillus montenegroie0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- wheat leaf ruste0
- Direction
- reducee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“culture filtrates of two fungal species Aspergillus candidus SFC20200425-M11 and Aspergillus montenegroi SFC20200425-M27 have the potentials to reduce the development of fungal plant diseases such as tomato late blight and wheat leaf rust”
Claim · model-written summary
Sphaeropsidin A controlled tomato late blight by 96% relative to untreated control.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- sphaeropsidin Ae0
- Outcome
- tomato late blighte0
- Direction
- disease controle0
- Value
- 96e0
- Comparator
- non-treated controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“sphaeropsidin A ( 1 ) exhibited an efficacy disease control value of 96 and 90% compared to non-treated control against tomato late blight and wheat leaf rust”
Claim · model-written summary
Sphaeropsidin A controlled wheat leaf rust by 90% relative to untreated control.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- sphaeropsidin Ae0
- Outcome
- wheat leaf ruste0
- Direction
- disease controle0
- Value
- 90%e0
- Comparator
- non-treated controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“sphaeropsidin A ( 1 ) exhibited an efficacy disease control value of 96 and 90% compared to non-treated control against tomato late blight and wheat leaf rust”
Claim · model-written summary
Formosusin A reduced tomato gray mold development by 82%.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- ( R )-formosusin Ae0
- Outcome
- tomato gray molde0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 82%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“( R )-formosusin A ( 2 ) strongly reduced the development of tomato gray mold by 82%”
Claim · model-written summary
Asperlin controlled tomato late blight with a reported disease control value of 95%.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- Asperlin ( 5 ) at a concentration of 500 μg/mle0
- Outcome
- tomato late blighte0
- Direction
- controllede0
- Value
- 95%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Asperlin ( 5 ) at a concentration of 500 μg/ml effectively controlled the development of tomato late blight and wheat leaf rust with a disease control value of 95%”
Claim · model-written summary
Asperlin controlled wheat leaf rust with a reported disease control value of 95%.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- Asperlin ( 5 ) at a concentration of 500 μg/mle0
- Outcome
- wheat leaf ruste0
- Direction
- controllede0
- Value
- 95%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Asperlin ( 5 ) at a concentration of 500 μg/ml effectively controlled the development of tomato late blight and wheat leaf rust with a disease control value of 95%”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors suggest Aspergillus antifungal compounds for development of natural fungicides.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume1
- Outcome
- development of new natural fungicidese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Aspergillus -produced antifungal compounds could be useful for the development of new natural fungicides”
e1“tomato late blight and wheat leaf rust with a disease control value of 95%”