Abstract
Abstract Some troublesome weeds such as Ambrosia artemisiifolia have led farmers to adopt herbicide‐tolerant varieties (HTVs) in cultivated sunflower fields. Agricultural practices associated with the use of HTVs have raised concerns among public authorities, prompting the recommendation to monitor the potential effects of HTVs on biodiversity. In this context, we surveyed the vegetation of 239 sunflower fields and their margins in three French regions between 2017 and 2019, with a specific focus on A . artemisiifolia . We collected information on 21 explanatory variables covering agricultural practices, landscape factors, and spatiotemporal data. Herbicide‐tolerant varieties fields were associated with lower weed diversity but similar field margin community diversity. This lower weed diversity can be attributed to the greater use of herbicides and shorter crop rotations, whereas landscape factors may be more important for the diversity in field margins. Conventional fields with traditional varieties showed lower abundance of A . artemisiifolia compared with organic fields and HTV fields. A . artemisiifolia abundance was higher in the most infested region, in fields with a high proportion of sunflower crops in the crop rotation, late sowing dates, high numbers of hoeing operations, and high numbers of post‐emergence treatments. We interpreted the association of hoeing and HTV use with a high abundance of A . artemisiifolia as a response to weed infestation rather than its cause. In conclusion, no unintended effects of HTVs were found in field margins, but practices associated with HTVs lead to lower weed community diversity and HTV fields had still high A . artemisiifolia abundance after weed control.
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Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
Herbicide-tolerant variety fields had lower weed diversity.
- Taxon
- sunflower
Helianthus annuust0 - Material
- Herbicide‐tolerant varietiese0
- Outcome
- weed diversitye0
- Direction
- lowere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Herbicide‐tolerant varieties fields were associated with lower weed diversity but similar field margin community diversity.”
t0“sunflower”
Claim · model-written summary
Herbicide-tolerant variety fields had similar margin community diversity.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuust0
- Material
- Herbicide‐tolerant varietiese0
- Outcome
- field margin community diversitye0
- Direction
- similare0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Herbicide‐tolerant varieties fields were associated with lower weed diversity but similar field margin community diversity.”
t0“sunflower”
Claim · model-written summary
Greater herbicide use and shorter rotations were attributed as causes of lower weed diversity.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuust0
- Treatment
- greater use of herbicides and shorter crop rotationse0
- Outcome
- lower weed diversitye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“This lower weed diversity can be attributed to the greater use of herbicides and shorter crop rotations”
t0“sunflower”
Claim · model-written summary
Landscape factors may matter more for field margin diversity.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuust0
- Outcome
- diversity in field marginse0
- Qualifier
- landscape factorse0
- Setting
- field marginse0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“landscape factors may be more important for the diversity in field margins.”
t0“sunflower”
Claim · model-written summary
Conventional fields had less Ambrosia artemisiifolia than organic and HTV fields.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuust0
- Material
- traditional varietiese0
- Interactor
- A . artemisiifolia
Ambrosia artemisiifoliae0weed - Outcome
- abundance of A . artemisiifoliae0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Comparator
- organic fields and HTV fieldse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Conventional fields with traditional varieties showed lower abundance of A . artemisiifolia compared with organic fields and HTV fields.”
t0“sunflower”
Claim · model-written summary
Ambrosia abundance was higher in the most infested region and with the listed crop management factors.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuust0
- Interactor
- A . artemisiifoliaAmbrosia artemisiifoliae0weed
- Outcome
- A . artemisiifolia abundancee0
- Direction
- highere0
- Qualifier
- high proportion of sunflower crops in the crop rotation, late sowing dates, high numbers of hoeing operations, and high numbers of post‐emergence treatmentse0
- Setting
- most infested regione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A . artemisiifolia abundance was higher in the most infested region, in fields with a high proportion of sunflower crops in the crop rotation, late sowing dates, high numbers of hoeing operations, and high numbers of post‐emergence treatments.”
t0“sunflower”
Claim · model-written summary
Hoeing and HTV use were interpreted as responses to Ambrosia infestation.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuust0
- Treatment
- hoeing and HTV usee0
- Interactor
- A . artemisiifoliaAmbrosia artemisiifoliae0weed
- Outcome
- high abundance of A . artemisiifoliae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“We interpreted the association of hoeing and HTV use with a high abundance of A . artemisiifolia as a response to weed infestation rather than its cause.”
t0“sunflower”