Abstract
This study aimed to identify the most important genera or species of nematodes that associate with some fruit trees and cause remarkable economic losses and to study their seasonal fluctuations in newly reclaimed soil in the city of El-Sadat, Menoufia that focused on four fruit trees, namely orange, mango, grapes and peach. Composite soil samples from the rhizosphere of the tested plants were monthly collected, where the first six months of the year 2017 represented summer period (April 2017 – September 2017) and the others represented winter period (October 2017 – March 2018). Composite soil samples from orange trees variety Naval in summer period revealed that there were four nematode genera or species, Tylenchulus semipenetrans, Pratylenchus spp., Hemicycliophora spp.and Xiphinema americanum associated with citrus (orange) trees, where citrus nematode, was the most common representing 51% of the total parasitic nematodes, followed by lesion nematode, Pratylenchus spp. as 33.8% and the dagger nematode, Xiphinema americanum has the lowest frequency of occurrence (0.1%). As for winter months, the same four previous genera were recorded, but at different frequencies of occurrence %. The most important nematode genera in the soil of mango trees variety Kit were:Meloidogyne spp.,Pratylenchus spp. and Criconemoides spp. Root- knot nematodes, Meloidogyne spp. recorded the highest frequency of occurrence% of parasitic nematodes associated with mango trees (45.8%) in summer months, followed by Pratylenchus spp. with 39.7%, while ring nematodes, Criconemoides spp. recorded the lowest incidence (14.6%). As for the winter months, the same three nematode genera in the summer months were recorded, but at different proportions. The most important nematode genera or species in the soil of grape variety Flame Seedless were:Meloidogyne spp., Pratylenchus spp., Criconemoides spp < em>. and Xiphinema americanum. The most important nematode genera or species in the soil of peach trees variety Florida were: Meloidogyne spp., Criconemoides spp.,and Xiphinema americanum. Root- knot nematode, Meloidogyne spp recorded the highest occurrence % (54.9 %) of the total parasitic nematode in summer months, followed by Criconemoides spp. (38.6 %), while the lowest percentage was for dagger nematode (6.5 %). As for the winter months, the same three nematode genera were recorded, but at different proportions.
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Claims 16
Claim · model-written summary
Four nematode taxa were associated with orange trees in summer.
Verbatim
e0“orange trees variety Naval in summer period revealed that there were four nematode genera or species, Tylenchulus semipenetrans, Pratylenchus spp., Hemicycliophora spp.and Xiphinema americanum associated with citrus (orange) trees”
Claim · model-written summary
Citrus nematode was most common at 51% of parasitic nematodes on orange.
Verbatim
e0“citrus nematode, was the most common representing 51% of the total parasitic nematodes”
t0“Fruit trees”
Claim · model-written summary
Pratylenchus spp. comprised 33.8% of nematodes on orange.
- Taxon
- Fruit treest0
- Interactor
- Pratylenchus spp.
Pratylenchuse0pest - Outcome
- lesion nematodee0
- Value
- 33.8%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“lesion nematode, Pratylenchus spp. as 33.8%”
t0“Fruit trees”
Claim · model-written summary
Xiphinema americanum had the lowest frequency on orange, 0.1%.
Verbatim
e0“dagger nematode, Xiphinema americanum has the lowest frequency of occurrence (0.1%)”
t0“Fruit trees”
Claim · model-written summary
The same four nematode genera occurred on orange in winter at different frequencies.
Verbatim
e0“As for winter months, the same four previous genera were recorded, but at different frequencies of occurrence %.”
t0“Fruit trees”
Claim · model-written summary
Mango soil contained Meloidogyne, Pratylenchus and Criconemoides.
- Taxon
- mango trees
_from_India.jpg?width=60)
Mangifera indicae0 - Material
- Kite0
- Outcome
- Meloidogyne spp.,Pratylenchus spp. and Criconemoides spp.e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_from_India.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“mango trees variety Kit were:Meloidogyne spp.,Pratylenchus spp. and Criconemoides spp.”
Claim · model-written summary
Meloidogyne spp. had the highest summer frequency on mango, 45.8%.
- Taxon
- mango treesMangifera indicae0
- Interactor
- Meloidogyne spp.
_penetrates_a_tomato_root_-_USDA-ARS.jpg?width=60)
Meloidogynee0pest - Outcome
- frequency of occurrence% of parasitic nematodese0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 45.8%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_penetrates_a_tomato_root_-_USDA-ARS.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“Meloidogyne spp. recorded the highest frequency of occurrence% of parasitic nematodes associated with mango trees (45.8%) in summer months”
Claim · model-written summary
Pratylenchus spp. comprised 39.7% on mango.
- Taxon
- Fruit treest0
- Interactor
- Pratylenchus spp.Pratylenchuse0pest
- Outcome
- Pratylenchus spp.e0
- Value
- 39.7%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Pratylenchus spp. with 39.7%”
t0“Fruit trees”
Claim · model-written summary
Criconemoides spp. had the lowest incidence on mango, 14.6%.
Verbatim
e0“Criconemoides spp. recorded the lowest incidence (14.6%)”
t0“Fruit trees”
Claim · model-written summary
The same three mango nematode genera occurred in winter at different proportions.
Verbatim
e0“As for the winter months, the same three nematode genera in the summer months were recorded, but at different proportions.”
t0“Fruit trees”
Claim · model-written summary
Four nematode taxa were recorded in grape soil.
Verbatim
e0“grape variety Flame Seedless were:Meloidogyne spp., Pratylenchus spp., Criconemoides spp < em>. and Xiphinema americanum”
Claim · model-written summary
Three nematode taxa were recorded in peach soil.
- Taxon
- peach trees
Prunus persicae0 - Material
- Floridae0
- Outcome
- Meloidogyne spp., Criconemoides spp.,and Xiphinema americanume0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“peach trees variety Florida were: Meloidogyne spp., Criconemoides spp.,and Xiphinema americanum”
Claim · model-written summary
Meloidogyne spp. had the highest summer occurrence on peach, 54.9%.
- Taxon
- Fruit treest0
- Interactor
- Meloidogyne sppMeloidogynee0pest
- Outcome
- occurrence %e0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 54.9 %e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Meloidogyne spp recorded the highest occurrence % (54.9 %) of the total parasitic nematode in summer months”
t0“Fruit trees”
Claim · model-written summary
Criconemoides spp. comprised 38.6% on peach.
- Taxon
- Fruit treest0
- Interactor
- Criconemoides spp.Criconemoidese0pest
- Outcome
- Criconemoides spp.e0
- Value
- 38.6 %e0
Verbatim
e0“Criconemoides spp. (38.6 %)”
t0“Fruit trees”
Claim · model-written summary
Dagger nematode had the lowest peach percentage, 6.5%.
Verbatim
e0“lowest percentage was for dagger nematode (6.5 %)”
t0“Fruit trees”
Claim · model-written summary
The same three peach nematode genera occurred in winter at different proportions.
Verbatim
e0“As for the winter months, the same three nematode genera were recorded, but at different proportions.”
t0“Fruit trees”