Abstract
Soybean Glycin max L. is economically the most important crop in the world, providing vegetable protein for millions of people and ingredients for hundred of chemical products. It is severely infested by dozen of insect pests on different plant parts throughout its growth stage. The Present study was carried out at Rajmata Vijayaraje Scindia Krishi Vishwa Vidhyalaya- Zonal Agricultural Research Station, Morena (M.P.) to find out the impact of weather factors on incidence of insect pests and their natural enemies of soybean. Eight species of the insect pests and one species of natural enemy was observed during the cropping season. The activities of Aphis gossypii, Bemisia tabaci, Empoasca kerri, Spodoptera litura, Chrysodeixis acuta, Melanagromyza sojae, Obereopsis brevis, Nezara viridula and Coccinella septempunctata was observed from the last week of July to second week of October. The population of Aphis gossypii (2.20/ Three leaves), Bemisia tabaci (1.98/ Three leaves), Empoasca kerri (3.25/ Three leaves), Spodoptera litura (8.15 larvae/mrl), Chrysodeixis acuta (3.00 larval/mrl), Melanagromyza sojae (5.20 percent), Obereopsis brevis (4.80 percent/ plant), Nezara viridula (5.35/ mrl) and Coccinella septempunctata (1.40/plant) reached peak from 31st to 35th Standard Meteorological Week. Abiotic factors was affected the population of insect pests and natural enemies. Temperature (maximum), relative humidity and rainfall were positively influence the activity Aphis gossypii, Bemisia tabaci, Empoasca kerri, Spodoptera litura, Chrysodeixis acuta, Obereopsis brevis, Nezara viridula and Coccinella septempunctata. While maximum temperature was negatively influenced the activity of Melanagromyza sojae.
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
Eight insect pest species and one natural enemy species were observed in soybean during the crop season.
Verbatim
e0“Eight species of the insect pests and one species of natural enemy was observed during the cropping season.”
t0“Soybean Glycin max L.”
Claim · model-written summary
The nine named insects were active from late July to early October.
Verbatim
e0“The activities of Aphis gossypii, Bemisia tabaci, Empoasca kerri, Spodoptera litura, Chrysodeixis acuta, Melanagromyza sojae, Obereopsis brevis, Nezara viridula and Coccinella septempunctata was observed from the last week of July to second week of October.”
t0“Soybean Glycin max L.”
Claim · model-written summary
Aphis gossypii population peaked at 2.20/ Three leaves during weeks 31–35.
- Taxon
- Soybean Glycin max L.t0
- Interactor
- Aphis gossypii
Aphis gossypiie0pest - Outcome
- populatione0
- Direction
- peake0
- Value
- 2.20/ Three leavese0
- Qualifier
- 31st to 35th Standard Meteorological Weeke0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The population of Aphis gossypii (2.20/ Three leaves), Bemisia tabaci (1.98/ Three leaves), Empoasca kerri (3.25/ Three leaves), Spodoptera litura (8.15 larvae/mrl), Chrysodeixis acuta (3.00 larval/mrl), Melanagromyza sojae (5.20 percent), Obereopsis brevis (4.80 percent/ plant), Nezara viridula (5.35/ mrl) and Coccinella septempunctata (1.40/plant) reached peak from 31st to 35th Standard Meteorological Week.”
t0“Soybean Glycin max L.”
Claim · model-written summary
Bemisia tabaci population peaked at 1.98/ Three leaves during weeks 31–35.
- Taxon
- Soybean Glycin max L.t0
- Interactor
- Bemisia tabaci
Bemisia tabacie0pest - Outcome
- populatione0
- Direction
- peake0
- Value
- 1.98/ Three leavese0
- Qualifier
- 31st to 35th Standard Meteorological Weeke0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The population of Aphis gossypii (2.20/ Three leaves), Bemisia tabaci (1.98/ Three leaves), Empoasca kerri (3.25/ Three leaves), Spodoptera litura (8.15 larvae/mrl), Chrysodeixis acuta (3.00 larval/mrl), Melanagromyza sojae (5.20 percent), Obereopsis brevis (4.80 percent/ plant), Nezara viridula (5.35/ mrl) and Coccinella septempunctata (1.40/plant) reached peak from 31st to 35th Standard Meteorological Week.”
t0“Soybean Glycin max L.”
Claim · model-written summary
Empoasca kerri population peaked at 3.25/ Three leaves during weeks 31–35.
Verbatim
e0“The population of Aphis gossypii (2.20/ Three leaves), Bemisia tabaci (1.98/ Three leaves), Empoasca kerri (3.25/ Three leaves), Spodoptera litura (8.15 larvae/mrl), Chrysodeixis acuta (3.00 larval/mrl), Melanagromyza sojae (5.20 percent), Obereopsis brevis (4.80 percent/ plant), Nezara viridula (5.35/ mrl) and Coccinella septempunctata (1.40/plant) reached peak from 31st to 35th Standard Meteorological Week.”
t0“Soybean Glycin max L.”
Claim · model-written summary
Spodoptera litura population peaked at 8.15 larvae/mrl during weeks 31–35.
- Taxon
- Soybean Glycin max L.t0
- Interactor
- Spodoptera litura
Spodoptera liturae0pest - Outcome
- populatione0
- Direction
- peake0
- Value
- 8.15 larvae/mrle0
- Qualifier
- 31st to 35th Standard Meteorological Weeke0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The population of Aphis gossypii (2.20/ Three leaves), Bemisia tabaci (1.98/ Three leaves), Empoasca kerri (3.25/ Three leaves), Spodoptera litura (8.15 larvae/mrl), Chrysodeixis acuta (3.00 larval/mrl), Melanagromyza sojae (5.20 percent), Obereopsis brevis (4.80 percent/ plant), Nezara viridula (5.35/ mrl) and Coccinella septempunctata (1.40/plant) reached peak from 31st to 35th Standard Meteorological Week.”
t0“Soybean Glycin max L.”
Claim · model-written summary
Chrysodeixis acuta population peaked at 3.00 larval/mrl during weeks 31–35.
- Taxon
- Soybean Glycin max L.t0
- Interactor
- Chrysodeixis acuta
Chrysodeixis acutae0pest - Outcome
- populatione0
- Direction
- peake0
- Value
- 3.00 larval/mrle0
- Qualifier
- 31st to 35th Standard Meteorological Weeke0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The population of Aphis gossypii (2.20/ Three leaves), Bemisia tabaci (1.98/ Three leaves), Empoasca kerri (3.25/ Three leaves), Spodoptera litura (8.15 larvae/mrl), Chrysodeixis acuta (3.00 larval/mrl), Melanagromyza sojae (5.20 percent), Obereopsis brevis (4.80 percent/ plant), Nezara viridula (5.35/ mrl) and Coccinella septempunctata (1.40/plant) reached peak from 31st to 35th Standard Meteorological Week.”
t0“Soybean Glycin max L.”
Claim · model-written summary
Melanagromyza sojae population peaked at 5.20 percent during weeks 31–35.
- Taxon
- Soybean Glycin max L.t0
- Interactor
- Melanagromyza sojae
Melanagromyza sojaee0pest - Outcome
- populatione0
- Direction
- peake0
- Value
- 5.20 percente0
- Qualifier
- 31st to 35th Standard Meteorological Weeke0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The population of Aphis gossypii (2.20/ Three leaves), Bemisia tabaci (1.98/ Three leaves), Empoasca kerri (3.25/ Three leaves), Spodoptera litura (8.15 larvae/mrl), Chrysodeixis acuta (3.00 larval/mrl), Melanagromyza sojae (5.20 percent), Obereopsis brevis (4.80 percent/ plant), Nezara viridula (5.35/ mrl) and Coccinella septempunctata (1.40/plant) reached peak from 31st to 35th Standard Meteorological Week.”
t0“Soybean Glycin max L.”
Claim · model-written summary
Obereopsis brevis population peaked at 4.80 percent/ plant during weeks 31–35.
Verbatim
e0“The population of Aphis gossypii (2.20/ Three leaves), Bemisia tabaci (1.98/ Three leaves), Empoasca kerri (3.25/ Three leaves), Spodoptera litura (8.15 larvae/mrl), Chrysodeixis acuta (3.00 larval/mrl), Melanagromyza sojae (5.20 percent), Obereopsis brevis (4.80 percent/ plant), Nezara viridula (5.35/ mrl) and Coccinella septempunctata (1.40/plant) reached peak from 31st to 35th Standard Meteorological Week.”
t0“Soybean Glycin max L.”
Claim · model-written summary
Nezara viridula population peaked at 5.35/ mrl during weeks 31–35.
- Taxon
- Soybean Glycin max L.t0
- Interactor
- Nezara viridula
Nezara viridulae0pest - Outcome
- populatione0
- Direction
- peake0
- Value
- 5.35/ mrle0
- Qualifier
- 31st to 35th Standard Meteorological Weeke0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The population of Aphis gossypii (2.20/ Three leaves), Bemisia tabaci (1.98/ Three leaves), Empoasca kerri (3.25/ Three leaves), Spodoptera litura (8.15 larvae/mrl), Chrysodeixis acuta (3.00 larval/mrl), Melanagromyza sojae (5.20 percent), Obereopsis brevis (4.80 percent/ plant), Nezara viridula (5.35/ mrl) and Coccinella septempunctata (1.40/plant) reached peak from 31st to 35th Standard Meteorological Week.”
t0“Soybean Glycin max L.”
Claim · model-written summary
Coccinella septempunctata population peaked at 1.40/plant during weeks 31–35.
- Taxon
- Soybean Glycin max L.t0
- Interactor
- Coccinella septempunctata
Coccinella septempunctatae0other - Outcome
- populatione0
- Direction
- peake0
- Value
- 1.40/plante0
- Qualifier
- 31st to 35th Standard Meteorological Weeke0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The population of Aphis gossypii (2.20/ Three leaves), Bemisia tabaci (1.98/ Three leaves), Empoasca kerri (3.25/ Three leaves), Spodoptera litura (8.15 larvae/mrl), Chrysodeixis acuta (3.00 larval/mrl), Melanagromyza sojae (5.20 percent), Obereopsis brevis (4.80 percent/ plant), Nezara viridula (5.35/ mrl) and Coccinella septempunctata (1.40/plant) reached peak from 31st to 35th Standard Meteorological Week.”
t0“Soybean Glycin max L.”
Claim · model-written summary
Maximum temperature, humidity and rainfall were positively associated with the activity of eight named insects.
- Taxon
- Soybean Glycin max L.t0
- Interactor
- Aphis gossypiiAphis gossypiie0pest
- Outcome
- activitye0
- Direction
- positively influencee0
- Setting
- Temperature (maximum), relative humidity and rainfalle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Temperature (maximum), relative humidity and rainfall were positively influence the activity Aphis gossypii, Bemisia tabaci, Empoasca kerri, Spodoptera litura, Chrysodeixis acuta, Obereopsis brevis, Nezara viridula and Coccinella septempunctata.”
t0“Soybean Glycin max L.”
Claim · model-written summary
Maximum temperature was negatively associated with Melanagromyza sojae activity.
- Taxon
- Soybean Glycin max L.t0
- Interactor
- Melanagromyza sojaeMelanagromyza sojaee0pest
- Outcome
- activity of Melanagromyza sojaee0
- Direction
- negatively influencede0
- Qualifier
- maximum temperaturee0
Not reportedSetting
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“maximum temperature was negatively influenced the activity of Melanagromyza sojae.”
t0“Soybean Glycin max L.”