Abstract
BACKGROUND: Characterizing Helicoverpa zea (Boddie) damage to maize (Zea mays L.) in relation to the spatiotemporal composition of Bt crops is essential to understand how landscape composition affects H. zea abundance. To examine this relationship, paired Bt (expressing Cry1A.105 + Cry2Ab2) and non-Bt maize plots were sampled across North and South Carolina during 2017-2019. Kernel damage and larval exit holes were measured following larval development. To understand how maize abundance surrounding sample sites related to feeding damage and larval development, we quantified maize abundance in a 1 km buffer surrounding the sample site and examined the relationship between local maize abundance and kernel damage and larval exit holes. RESULTS: Across the years and locations, damage in Bt maize was widespread but significantly lower than in non-Bt maize, indicating that despite the widespread occurrence of resistance to Cry toxins in maize, Bt maize still provides a measurable reduction in damage. There were negative relationships between kernel injury and ears with larval exit holes in both Bt and non-Bt maize and the proportion of maize in the landscape during the current year. CONCLUSION: Despite the widespread occurrence of resistance to Cry toxins in maize, this resistance is incomplete, and on average Bt maize continues to provide a measurable reduction in damage. We interpret the negative relationship between abundance of maize within 1 km of the sample location and maize infestation levels, as measured by kernel damage and larval exit holes, to reflect dispersion of the ovipositing moth population over available maize within the local landscape. © 2022 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
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Claims 3
Claim · model-written summary
Helicoverpa zea damage in Bt maize was significantly lower than in non-Bt maize.
- Treatment
- Bt maizee0
- Interactor
- Helicoverpa zea
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Helicoverpa zeae1pest - Outcome
- damagee0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Comparator
- non-Bt maizee0
- Setting
- North and South Carolinae4
Zea maysOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e1“Characterizing Helicoverpa zea (Boddie) damage to maize (Zea mays L.)”
e0“damage in Bt maize was widespread but significantly lower than in non-Bt maize”
e4“paired Bt (expressing Cry1A.105 + Cry2Ab2) and non-Bt maize plots were sampled across North and South Carolina during 2017-2019”
Claim · model-written summary
Kernel injury and ears with larval exit holes were negatively related to the proportion of maize in the landscape.
- Treatment
- proportion of maize in the landscapee2
- Interactor
- Helicoverpa zeaHelicoverpa zeae1pest
- Outcome
- kernel injury and ears with larval exit holese2
- Direction
- negative relationshipse2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Characterizing Helicoverpa zea (Boddie) damage to maize (Zea mays L.)”
e2“There were negative relationships between kernel injury and ears with larval exit holes in both Bt and non-Bt maize and the proportion of maize in the landscape during the current year”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors interpret the negative relationship between local maize abundance and infestation as dispersion of the ovipositing moth population over available maize.
- Interactor
- Helicoverpa zeaHelicoverpa zeae1pest
- Outcome
- maize infestation levelse3
- Qualifier
- dispersion of the ovipositing moth population over available maize within the local landscapee3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Characterizing Helicoverpa zea (Boddie) damage to maize (Zea mays L.)”
e3“We interpret the negative relationship between abundance of maize within 1 km of the sample location and maize infestation levels, as measured by kernel damage and larval exit holes, to reflect dispersion of the ovipositing moth population over available maize within the local landscape”
The same questions in other papers
transgenic · Helicoverpa zea · Zea mays (maize)Positive and negative results
17 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction · 3 reporting no difference from an alternative
- negative
- positive
- positive
18 papers more in this group
See all 22 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.