Abstract
The control strategies for the olive crop key pest, Bactrocera oleae, involve synthetic chemical insecticides and few eco-sustainable alternatives, such as ovideterrents and lures. In the last few decades, the interest concerning the formulation of botanical based biopesticides increased, but little research investigated the suitability of these approaches for B. oleae control. This research aimed to investigate the residual contact toxicity and the oviposition deterrence of three essential oil (EO)-based nano-emulsions (Pimpinella anisum, Foeniculum vulgare, Mentha × piperita) against B. oleae adult flies. All the nano-emulsions possessed optimal physical characteristics, with droplets dimensions ranging from 115 to 152 nm and low PDI values (<0.2), even after 1 year of storage. Although no notable residual contact toxicity was noted, all the tested formulations reduced the number of oviposition puncture in no-choice tests (percent repellence: mint < fennel < anise). In choice trials, olives treated with fennel and anise EO-formulations at the highest concentration (7.5%, 75 g of EO/L) were less attractive respect to control fruits and a significant reduction of olive punctures was recorded. Nano-biopesticides are promising eco-friendly tools to integrate B. oleae pest management programs and to reduce the use of harmful conventional active ingredients.
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Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
All three nano-emulsions had droplet dimensions of 115 to 152 nm and low PDI after one year of storage.
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“All the nano-emulsions possessed optimal physical characteristics, with droplets dimensions ranging from 115 to 152 nm and low PDI values (<0.2), even after 1 year of storage.”
Claim · model-written summary
The nano-emulsions had PDI values below 0.2 even after one year.
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“low PDI values (<0.2), even after 1 year of storage.”
Claim · model-written summary
The tested formulations showed no notable residual contact toxicity against B. oleae.
- Taxon
- Olive
Olea europaeat0 - Treatment
- formulationse0
- Interactor
- Bactrocera oleae
Bactrocera oleaet0pest - Outcome
- residual contact toxicitye0
- Direction
- no notablee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Olive Fruit Fly Bactrocera oleae”
e0“Although no notable residual contact toxicity was noted, all the tested formulations reduced the number of oviposition puncture in no-choice tests”
Claim · model-written summary
All tested formulations reduced olive oviposition punctures in no-choice tests, with repellence ranking mint below fennel below anise.
- Taxon
- OliveOlea europaeat0
- Treatment
- all the tested formulationse0
- Interactor
- Bactrocera oleaeBactrocera oleaet0pest
- Outcome
- number of oviposition puncturee0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Qualifier
- percent repellence: mint < fennel < anisee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Olive Fruit Fly Bactrocera oleae”
e0“all the tested formulations reduced the number of oviposition puncture in no-choice tests (percent repellence: mint < fennel < anise)”
Claim · model-written summary
Fennel essential oil formulation at 7.5% made olives less attractive than control fruit and significantly reduced punctures in choice trials.
- Treatment
- fennele0
- Interactor
- Bactrocera oleaeBactrocera oleaet0pest
- Outcome
- olive puncturese0
- Direction
- reductione0
- Value
- 7.5%e0
- Comparator
- control fruitse0
OleaOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Olive Fruit Fly Bactrocera oleae”
e0“In choice trials, olives treated with fennel and anise EO-formulations at the highest concentration (7.5%, 75 g of EO/L) were less attractive respect to control fruits and a significant reduction of olive punctures was recorded.”
Claim · model-written summary
Anise essential oil formulation at 7.5% made olives less attractive than control fruit and significantly reduced punctures in choice trials.
- Treatment
- anisee0
- Interactor
- Bactrocera oleaeBactrocera oleaet0pest
- Outcome
- olive puncturese0
- Direction
- reductione0
- Value
- 7.5%e0
- Comparator
- control fruitse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Olive Fruit Fly Bactrocera oleae”
e0“In choice trials, olives treated with fennel and anise EO-formulations at the highest concentration (7.5%, 75 g of EO/L) were less attractive respect to control fruits and a significant reduction of olive punctures was recorded.”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors consider nano-biopesticides promising additions to olive fruit fly management.
- Taxon
- OliveOlea europaeat0
- Interactor
- Bactrocera oleaeBactrocera oleaet0pest
- Outcome
- integrate B. oleae pest management programse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Olive Fruit Fly Bactrocera oleae”
e0“Nano-biopesticides are promising eco-friendly tools to integrate B. oleae pest management programs and to reduce the use of harmful conventional active ingredients.”