Abstract
Ascochyta lentis is a fungal pathogen that causes ascochyta blight in the important grain legume species lentil, but little is known about the molecular mechanism of disease or host specificity. We employed a map-based cloning approach using a biparental A. lentis population to clone the gene AlAvr1-1 that encodes avirulence towards the lentil cultivar PBA Hurricane XT. The mapping population was produced by mating A. lentis isolate P94-24, which is pathogenic on the cultivar Nipper and avirulent towards Hurricane, and the isolate AlKewell, which is pathogenic towards Hurricane but not Nipper. Using agroinfiltration, we found that AlAvr1-1 from the isolate P94-24 causes necrosis in Hurricane but not in Nipper. The homologous corresponding gene in AlKewell, AlAvr1-2, encodes a protein with amino acid variation at 23 sites and four of these sites have been positively selected in the P94-24 branch of the phylogeny. Loss of AlAvr1-1 in a gene knockout experiment produced a P94-24 mutant strain that is virulent on Hurricane. Deletion of AlAvr1-2 in AlKewell led to reduced pathogenicity on Hurricane, suggesting that the gene may contribute to disease in Hurricane. Deletion of AlAvr1-2 did not affect virulence for Nipper and AlAvr1-2 is therefore not an avirulence gene for Nipper. We conclude that the hemibiotrophic pathogen A. lentis has an avirulence effector, AlAvr1-1, that triggers a hypersensitive resistance response in Hurricane. This is the first avirulence gene to be characterized in a legume pathogen from the Pleosporales and may help progress research on other damaging Ascochyta pathogens.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
AlAvr1-1 was cloned as the gene conferring avirulence toward PBA Hurricane XT.
- Taxon
- lentil
Lens culinarise0 - Material
- PBA Hurricane XTe0
- Gene
- AlAvr1-1e1
- Outcome
- avirulencee1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“lentil cultivar PBA Hurricane XT”
e1“clone the gene AlAvr1-1 that encodes avirulence towards the lentil cultivar PBA Hurricane XT”
Claim · model-written summary
P94-24 was pathogenic on Nipper but avirulent toward Hurricane.
- Taxon
- lentilLens culinarise0
- Material
- Nippere1
- Interactor
- A. lentis isolate P94-24Ascochyta lentise1pathogen
- Outcome
- pathogenice1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“lentil cultivar PBA Hurricane XT”
e1“A. lentis isolate P94-24, which is pathogenic on the cultivar Nipper and avirulent towards Hurricane”
Claim · model-written summary
AlKewell was pathogenic toward Hurricane but not Nipper.
- Taxon
- lentilLens culinarise0
- Material
- Hurricanee1
- Interactor
- AlKewelle1pathogen
- Outcome
- pathogenic towards Hurricane but not Nippere1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“lentil cultivar PBA Hurricane XT”
e1“the isolate AlKewell, which is pathogenic towards Hurricane but not Nipper”
Claim · model-written summary
Agroinfiltrated AlAvr1-1 from P94-24 caused necrosis in Hurricane but not Nipper.
- Taxon
- lentilLens culinarise0
- Material
- Hurricanee1
- Treatment
- agroinfiltratione1
- Interactor
- P94-24e1pathogen
- Gene
- AlAvr1-1e1
- Outcome
- necrosise1
- Comparator
- Nippere1
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“lentil cultivar PBA Hurricane XT”
e1“Using agroinfiltration, we found that AlAvr1-1 from the isolate P94-24 causes necrosis in Hurricane but not in Nipper”
Claim · model-written summary
AlAvr1-2 differed at 23 amino acid sites, with four sites positively selected on the P94-24 branch.
- Taxon
- lentilLens culinarise0
- Gene
- AlAvr1-2e1
- Outcome
- amino acid variatione1
- Value
- 23 sitese1
- Qualifier
- four of these sites have been positively selectede1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“lentil cultivar PBA Hurricane XT”
e1“AlAvr1-2, encodes a protein with amino acid variation at 23 sites and four of these sites have been positively selected in the P94-24 branch of the phylogeny”
Claim · model-written summary
Knocking out AlAvr1-1 made P94-24 virulent on Hurricane.
- Taxon
- lentilLens culinarise0
- Material
- Hurricanee1
- Treatment
- Loss of AlAvr1-1e1
- Interactor
- P94-24 mutant straine1pathogen
- Gene
- AlAvr1-1e1
- Outcome
- virulent on Hurricanee1
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“lentil cultivar PBA Hurricane XT”
e1“Loss of AlAvr1-1 in a gene knockout experiment produced a P94-24 mutant strain that is virulent on Hurricane”
Claim · model-written summary
Deleting AlAvr1-2 reduced AlKewell pathogenicity on Hurricane.
- Taxon
- lentilLens culinarise0
- Material
- Hurricanee1
- Treatment
- Deletion of AlAvr1-2e1
- Interactor
- AlKewelle1pathogen
- Gene
- AlAvr1-2e1
- Outcome
- pathogenicitye1
- Direction
- reducede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“lentil cultivar PBA Hurricane XT”
e1“Deletion of AlAvr1-2 in AlKewell led to reduced pathogenicity on Hurricane”
Claim · model-written summary
Deleting AlAvr1-2 did not affect AlKewell virulence on Nipper.
- Taxon
- lentilLens culinarise0
- Material
- Nippere1
- Treatment
- Deletion of AlAvr1-2e1
- Gene
- AlAvr1-2e1
- Outcome
- virulence for Nippere1
- Direction
- did not affecte1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“lentil cultivar PBA Hurricane XT”
e1“Deletion of AlAvr1-2 did not affect virulence for Nipper”
The same questions in other papers
loss of function · disease · Lens culinaris (lentil)Positive and negative results
1 in the opposite direction
- no effect
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.